国际商法合同法违约Unit+6+Breach+of+the+Contract+and+Reme

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1、Unit5BreachoftheContractWhenaperson’sperformanceisdue,anyfailuretoperformthatisnotexcusedisabreachofcontract.Notallbreachesofcontractareofequalseriousness,however.Somearerelativelyminordeviations,whereasothersaresoextremethattheydeprivethepromiseeoftheessenceofwhathebargainedfor

2、.Thelegalconsequencesofagivenbreachdependontheextentofthebreach.ClassificationofContractBreach1.Non-performance（1）Subjectivenon-performance不愿履行（2）Objectivenon-performance履行不能2.Lateperformance3.Partialperformance4.Defectiveperformance5.AnticipatoryBreachandActualBreach6.MaterialB

3、reachandnonmaterialBreach违约的种类–中国1）单方违约：指违约是由一方当事人的行为造成的。双方违约：指合同的双方当事人都违反了其依据合同所应尽的义务。2）根本违约：一方的违约致使另一方订约目的不能实现。非根本违约：指一方的违约并没有导致另一方订约目的不能实现，或者使其遭受重大损害。3）不履行：指无正当理由完全不履行合同义务。不完全履行：当事人岁有履行行为，但履行不符合法律和合同的约定。不完全履行包括：迟延履行，不适当履行，部分履行等行为。4）预期违约指在合同履行期限到来之前，一方无正当理由明确表示其在履行期到来后将不履行合同，或

4、者其行为表明其在履行期到来后将不可能履行合同。预期违约：包括明示预期违约和默示的预期违约实际违约：即实际发生的违约行为。EffectofMaterialBreachAmaterialbreachoccurswhenthepromisor’sperformancefailstoreachthelevelofperformancethatthepromiseeisjustifiedinexpectingunderthecircumstances.Thepartywhoisinjuredbyamaterialbreachhastherighttowithho

5、ldhisownperformance.Heisdischargedfromfurtherobligationsunderthecontractandmaycancelit.Healsohastherighttosuefordamagesfortotalbreachofcontract.EffectofNonmaterialBreachBycontrast,whenthebreachisnotseriousenoughtobematerial,thenonbreachingpartymaysueforonlythosedamagescausedbyth

6、eparticularbreach.Inaddition,hedoesnothavetherighttocancelthecontract,althoughanonmaterialbreachcangivehimtherighttosuspendhisperformanceuntilthebreachisremedied.Oncethebreachisremedied,thenonbreachingpartymustgoaheadandrenderhisperformance,minusanydamagescausedbythebreach.Deter

7、miningtheMaterialityoftheBreachThestandardfordeterminingmaterialityisaflexibleonethattakesintoaccountthefactsofeachindividualcase.Thekeyquestioniswhetherthebreachdeprivestheinjuredpartyofthebenefitsthathereasonablyexpected.AnticipatoryRepudiationOnetypeofbreachofcontractoccurswh

8、enthepromisorindicatesbeforethetimeforhisperfor