武汉理工大学材料概论考试重点

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1、记得把精英资料上的两套题背过1.0退火的定义和过程：Annealing,inglassblowingandlampworking,istheprocessofheating,andthenslowlycoolingglasstorelieveinternalstresses热处理退火过程中，退火是消除或减少玻璃的热应力至允许值的热处理过程。Annealingistoheattreatglassnearthesofteningpointtorelievestresses.Thentocoolmoreslowlybackthrough

2、thetransitionregionsoastonotreintroducethermalstresses.Annealingtakestimeandtemperature：p1.Thickerglassannealsmoreslowly,haslargerstressesp2.Thinnerglassannealsmorequickly,hassmallerstressesp3.Glasswithlargethermalexpansionrequiresmoreannealing2.0材料的力学性质：Mechanicalpro

3、pertiesofMaterialsisthebehaviorofmaterialsdeformedbyasetofforces.Strength强度、硬度Hardness、韧性Toughness、2.1硅酸盐水泥的主要的化学成份：（氧化物成份+矿物成份）TherearefourmajormineralsinPortlandcementclinker（熟料）:C3S—3CaO+SiO2（硅酸三钙）C2S—2CaO+SiO2（硅酸二钙）C3A—3CaO+Al2O3（铝酸三钙）C4AF—4CaO+Al2O3+Fe2O3（铁铝酸四钙）A

4、tten.C=CaO,S=SiO2,A=Al2O3,F=Fe2O32.2物相的定义：aphaseisastateofaggregationofmatterthathasadistinctivestructure.Phasesmaybesolid,liquid,orgaseous.Aphasemaybeapurematerialorasolutionofseveralcomponents.2.3什么是应力（F/A）和应变（Δl/L)：1.Forcedividedbyareaiscalledstress.应力为单位面积所承受的作用力T

5、ensileorcompressivestressσ=F/A0Shearstressτ=F/A02.Thereisachangeindimensions,ordeformationelongation,ΔLasaresultofatensileorcompressivestress.Toenablecomparisonwithspecimensofdifferentlength,theelongationisalsonormalizedtothelengthL,calledstrain,ϵ=ΔL/L2.4孔隙的类型和定义：（可连通

6、孔和封闭孔）1.Openporosityreferstothenetworkofporesinamaterialthatisopentothesurfaceandintowhichaliquidsuchaswatercanpenetrateifthepartweresubmergedinit.2.Closedporosityreferstothoseporesthathavebecomesealedwithinthegrainstructure.2.5玻璃的形成条件：GlassFormationresultswhen:1.Liqu

7、idsarecooledtobelowTM(TL)sufficientlyfasttoavoidcrystallization;2.Nucleationofcrystallineseedsareavoided;3.GrowthofNucleiintocrystallites(crystals)isavoided;4.Liquidis“frustrated”byinternal“structurethathindersbothevents.2.6Ceramics的力学性能：极高的抗压强度、脆性大、弹性模量极高1.Noyieldstr

8、ength:Ceramicsdonotplasticallydeformbeforereachingtheirtensilestrength.2.Nopermanentelongationorreductioninarea:Ceramicscann