材料概论英文版 武汉理工大学

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1、Material:SolidsusedbymankindtoproduceitemswhichconstitutethesupportforhislivingenvironmentCharacteristicsofmaterialsuHavecertaincompositions;uCanbeprocessed;uWithcertainshapeandcolor;uCanbeusedandreusedorrecycled.u特点:p具有一定的成分和配比；p可成型加工；p保持一定形状和外观；p具有使用价值并可回收再利用。材料性能的决定因素u组成材料的各元素的原子结构

2、，u原子间的相互作用、相互结合，u原子或分子在空间的排列分布和运动规律,u原子集合体的形貌特征。ClassificationofmaterialsuAtomicstructuresuNatureofchemicalbonds:pMetallicbond金属键pIonicbond离子键pCovalentbond共价键pSecondarybond次价键pVanderWaalsbond范德华力pHydrogenbond氢键Classification:umetalsandtheiralloys:-metallicbondinguOrganicpolymers:Coval

3、entbonding&secondarybondinguCeramics:Ionicbonding&covalentbondingMetalsandtheiralloys:uaregoodconductorsofheatandelectricity;uareopaquetovisiblelight;uarehard,rigid;ucanundergoplasticdeformationuhaveahighmeltingtemperature(Tm).Organicpolymers:umadeupoflong-chainmolecules;uareelectrica

4、landthermalinsulators;uarelightandeasilyformable;uthebest-knownorganicpolymersare:ppoly(vinylchloride)(聚氯乙烯，PVC);ppolyethylene(聚乙烯，PE);ppolystyrene(聚苯乙烯，PS)。Compositematerials:Areconstitutedbytwoormoredifferentmaterialswithspecificproperties.ØGlassfiberreinforcedresins:lightweightcomp

5、ositeswithhighmechanicalstrengthØConcrete:anagglomerationofcement,sandandgravelMechanicalproperties:pThebehaviorofmaterialsdeformedbyasetofforces.p弹性Elasticityp塑性Plasticityp强度Strengthp硬度Hardnessp韧性Toughnessp疲劳特性Fatiguebehaviorp耐磨性AbrasionresistancePhysicalproperties:uThebehaviorofmate

6、rialssubjectedtotheactionoftemperature,electricormagneticfields,orlight.p电性能Electricpropertiesp磁性能Magneticpropertiesp热性能Thermalpropertiesp光性能OpticalpropertiesChemicalproperties:uThebehaviorofmaterialinareactiveenvironment.u抗腐蚀能力CorrosionresistancepAtmospherically,pChemically(salts,aci

7、d,alkali)MaterialsEngineering:uConcernedwithpManufacturing,pTransformationpShapingpProcessing.ThethreemostcommoncrystalstructuresofmetalsarepBody-centeredcubicstructure,pFace-centeredcubicstructure,pHexagonalclose-packedstructureProductionofsteel:uPigironcontainstoomuchcarbonandtooman

8、yimpu