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1、Figuresofspeech(修辞)arewaysofmakingourlanguagefigurative.Whenweusewordsinotherthantheirordinaryorliteralsensetolendforcetoanidea,toheighteneffect,ortocreatesuggestiveimagery,wearesaidtobespeakingorwritingfiguratively.Nowwearegoingtotalkaboutsomecommonformsoffigures
2、ofspeech. 1)Simile：(明喻）Itisafigureofspeechwhichmakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementshavingat leastonequalityorcharacteristic(特性)incommon.Tomakethecomparison,wordslikeas,as...as,asifandlikeareusedtotransferthequalityweassociatewithonetotheother.Forexample,Ascold
3、waterstoathirstysoul,soisgoodnewsfromafarcountry. 2)Metaphor：(暗喻）Itislikeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements,butunlikeasimile,thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.Forexample,theworldisastage. 3)Analogy:(类比）Itisalsoaformofcomparison,butunlikesim
4、ileormetaphorwhichusuallyusescomparisonononepointofresemblance,analogydrawsaparallelbetweentwounlikethingsthathaveseveralcommonqualitiesorpointsofresemblance. 4)Personification:(拟人）Itgiveshumanformoffeelings toanimals,orlifeandpersonalattributes(赋予)toinanimate(无生命
5、的)objects,ortoideasandabstractions(抽象).Forexample,thewindwhistledthroughthetrees. 5)Hyperbole: (夸张）： Itisthedeliberateuseofoverstatementorexaggerationtoachieveemphasis.Forinstance,healmostdiedlaughing. 6)Understatement: (含蓄陈述） Itistheoppositeofhyperbole,oroverstat
6、ement.Itachievesitseffectofemphasizingafactbydeliberately(故意地)understatingit,impressingthelistenerorthereadermorebywhatismerelyimpliedorleftunsaidthanbybarestatement.Forinstance,Itisnolaughingmatter. 7)Euphemism:(委婉） Itisthesubstitutionofanagreeableorinoffensive(无
7、冒犯)expressionforonethatmayoffendorsuggestsomethingunpleasant.Forinstance,wereferto"die"as”passaway". 8)Metonymy (转喻） Itisafigureofspeechthathastodowiththesubstitutionofthemaneofonethingforthatofanother.Forinstance,thepen(words)ismightierthanthesword(forces). 9)Sy
8、necdoche (提喻） Itisinvolvesthesubstitutionofthepartforthewhole,orthewholeforthepart.Forinstance,theysaythere'sbreadandworkforall.Shewasdressedinsilks. 10
