Figures of Speech英文修辞手法

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1、FiguresofSpeechFiguresofspeechareformsofexpressionthatdepartfromnormalwordorsentenceorderorfromthecommonliteralmeaningsofwords,forthepurposeofachievingaspecialeffect.Figuresofspeechexistinalmostendlessvarietyandmanyarecloselyrelatedorintricatelyoverlap,hencenocompletelysatisfactorysystemofclassifi

2、cationhaseverbeendevised.Thefollowingaresomecommonlyusedones:1.SimileAfigurethatinvolvesanexpressedcomparison,almostalwaysintroducedbytheword“like”or“as”.Thetwothingscomparedmustbedissimilarandthebasisofresemblanceisusuallyanabstractquality.a.Thewaterlaygrayandwrinkledlikeanelephant’sskin.b.Thatma

3、ncan’tbetrusted.He’sasslipperyasaneel.c.Whatsculptureistoablockofmarble,educationistothesoul.2.MetaphorThesubstitutionofonethingforanother,ortheidentificationoftwothingsfromdifferentrangesofthought.Itisoftenlooselydefinedas“animpliedcomparison,”“asimilewithout‘like’or‘as’”.Examples:a.Irrigationist

4、helifebloodofagriculture.b.Theflamesofrebellionwerekindledinsecret.3.PersonificationAfigureofspeechthatgiveshumanformorfeelingstoanimals,orlifeandpersonalattributestoinanimateobjects,ortoideasandabstractions.Therearethreechiefkindsofpersonifications:1)Thatproducedbytheuseofadjectives:theblushingro

5、se;thethirstyground2)Thatproducedbytheuseofverbs:thekettlesings;thewavesdanced3)Thatproducedbytheuseofnouns:thesmilesofspring;thewhisperofleavesMoreexamples:a.Thematchwillsoonbeoveranddefeatisstaringusintheface.b.Thistimefatewassmilingtohim.4.MetonymyThesubstitutionofthenameofonethingforthatofanot

6、herwithwhichitiscloselyassociated.Forexample:a.Thepenismightierthanthesword.b.Grayhairsshouldberespected.Metonymycanbederivedfromvarioussources—fromnamesofpersons,fromanimals,professions,locationsorplacenames,etc.,asillustratedbelow:A.Namesofpersons:UncleSam:TheUnitedStatesofAmericaB.Animals:thebe

7、ar:theformerSovietUnionortheSovietgovernmentC.Partsofthebody:a)heart:feelingsoremotionsb)head,brain:wisdom,intelligence,reasonExamples:Herheartruledherhead.Useyourbrains.D.Professions:a)thebar:thelegalprofessionb