高中英语基本构词法及练习题

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1、英语构词法中的派生法派生法：在词根加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。一、前缀前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性（除少数前缀外）；后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有：dis-,il-,im-,in-,ir-,mis-,non-,un-。disabledisadvantagedisagreedisappeardisapprovedisclosediscolourdisconnectdiscontinuousdiscontinuediscountdi

2、scouragedisorderillegalimpossibleinaccurateinactiveinadaptableinapplicableinconstantinconvenientincredibleincurableindependentineffectiveinformalinvisibleirregularirremovableirrespectiveirresponsiblemisfortunemisguidemidinterpretmisleadmisreadmistrustmisunderstan

3、dmisusenonmetalnoncooperationnoninvolvementunableunacceptableunawareunbalanceunbreakableuncertainunchangeableuncomfortableundecidedunemployedundeterminedundevelopedunearthuneconomicalunfoldunpackuntie(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：a.前缀antianti-fascistanti-gasanti-imperialistan

4、ti-JapaneseWarb.前缀autoautobiographyautographyc.前缀bi-bicenturybilinguald.前缀coco-operationcoauthorcoheire.前缀dedeformdegradedevaluef.前缀en-emenableencourageendangerenlargeenrichembitterg.前缀exex-soldierex-girlfriendex-wifeh.前缀mid-middaymidnightmidtermmid-agedi.前缀multi

5、-multiformmultilingualmultimediamultipurposej.21.前缀over-overcrowdedoverworkoverloadoverproduceoverlookovercomek.22.前缀pre-prewarprehistoricprepaypreconditionl.前缀re-rewritereviewrecyclem.前缀vice-vice-chairmanvice-governorvice-premiervice-president二、后缀后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成

6、意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有：a、后缀-age，构成抽象名词marriagepercentageshortagestorageb.后缀al-构成抽象名词arrivalrefusalapprovalsurvivalproposalremovalc.后缀–an，-ian“人”从事……职业者”，构成名词。Italianlibrarianmagicianvegetarianmusicianpoliticiantechniciand.后缀-ance，-ence，构

7、成名词.appearanceallowanceexistencepresenceperformanceignoranceinfluenceintelligenceevidencediligenceguidancepreferencesignificancee.后缀-dom构成名词kingdomfreedomf、后缀-ee，-eer，-er，-or，构成表人的名词beginnercompetitorconductordirectoremployeeengineerexamineeintervieweetailorvolun

8、teerg.后缀-ess构成表“雌性”的名词actressgoddesshostesswaitressh、后缀-ful构成表“容量单位”名词abasketfulofahandfulofmouthfulspoonfuli.后缀-ics构成学科名词：gymnasticsphysicspoliticsmathematics