词性的基本用法及常见的构词法

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1、词性的基本用法及常见的构词法名词具体指导名词在句中多用来作主语、宾语、表语和定语。在英语应用能力考试中，要求考生根据题意把括号里所给的词变成名词，所填词多出现在句尾或句首：1．所填词的特征①前有物主代词如my,his，their,our,your,its等；②前有冠词如a,an,the；(后面常有介词如of等)③前有形容词如large，clever，foolish等；④前有冠词＋形容词如thatancient，theclever等；⑤前有不定代词many,much,afew，alittle，several等。⑥前面有介词如with,of,a

2、t,in等等。2．所填词多为抽象名词或表示人的名词。如decision，illness，protection等。常见名词后缀：crimeCanadaEuropehistoryaccountbeglieoperateactvillageeducatelawemployartchemistrysciencetourcriminalCanadianEuropeanhistorianaccountantbeggarliaroperatoractorvillagereducatorlawyeremployeeartistchemistscientis

3、ttourist1．表示人的名词后缀①–al②–an③–ant④–ar/er/or⑤–ee⑥–istexistencedependenceconfidencedifferenceimportancedistanceintelligenceappearancedepthtruthwarmthwidthexistdependentconfidentdifferentimportantdistantintelligentappeardeeptruewarmwide2．抽象名词后缀①–ance/ence②–thdeadlongstronggrowm

4、ovedeveloparrangeequipjudgeencouragepollutediscussorganizeeducateinforminventinviteprotectpredictdecidesatisfyfoundprepareexpectinstructdirectcompetefindbuildpaintillcarefulkindweakhelplessshortcertainarriveproposewithdrawdeathlengthstrengthgrowthmovementdevelopmentarrange

5、mentequipmentjudgmentencouragementpollutiondiscussionorganizationeducationinformationinventioninvitationprotectionpredictiondecisionsatisfactionfoundationpreparationexpectationinstructiondirectioncompetitionfindingbuildingpaintingillnesscarefulnesskindnessweaknesshelplessn

6、essshortagecertaintyarrivalproposalwithdrawal③–ment④–tion/ation/ion⑤–ing⑥–ness①–age②–ty③–al⑩-domfreefreedomwisewisdom3.部分动词不规则变化diedeath形容词具体指导形容词通常用在系动词后作表语，或用在名词前作定语。SectionB中，主要考查以下几个方面：1．系表结构中形容词作表语。2．名词前形容词作定语。3．如果括号内给出形容词，考查比较级、最高级形式。考试中常见句型：(l)bevery（形容词）(2)a/an/the

7、（形容词）名词(3)very/too/many/rather（形容词）(4)（形容词）名词easternnorthernsouthernwesternjoyfulpeacefulskillfulsuccessfulthankfulfoolishchildishbrainlesscolorlessharmlesshomelessfatherlyfriendlymanlydailyhourlymonthlyweeklydirtyeasyhealthyeastnorthsouthwestjoypeaceskillsuccessthankfoolc

8、hildbraincolorharmhomefatherfriendmandayhourmonthweekdirteasehealth常见形容词后缀1.-ern附在表方向的名词后