语言学内容讲义 Chapter Three Phonology

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1、ChapterThree Phonology Teachingaims:letthestudentshavethegeneralideaaboutphonologyFocalpoints: phoneme;phonologicalrulesTeachingdifficulties:phoneme;allophone;minimalpairTeachingprocedure:Outlineofthischapter:1Phonology1.1Definitionofphonology1.1.1Phonology(

2、atp24)1.1.2Phonetics1.2thedifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonology2Termsinphonology 2.1Minimalpairs(最小对立体)2.1.1concept2.1.2argumentsandexamples-１２-2.1.3Threerequirementsforaminimalpair:2.2phonemes2.2.1phones2.2.2phoneme 2.2.3Phonetictranscription2.3allophones2

3、.3.1Allophones(P41,Para.1)2.3.2Complementarydistribution(P41,para.1)andfreevariation2.4Differencebetweenphonemesandallophones3Phonologicalprocess3.1assimilation(P42,para.2)3.1.1regressive(P43,Para.1)3.1.2progressive3.1.3Examples(P43,para.2)3.2Phonologicalrul

4、es(P44)-１２-3.2.1devoicing,3.2.2nasalization,3.2.3dentalization,3.2.4velarization3.2.5thedeletionrule4Suprasegmentalphonemes4.1concept4.2kindsofsuprasegmentalphonemes4.2.1stress4.2.2Tones4.2.3Intonation4.2.4Linking5Someprincipleofphonology5.1Thesequentialrule

5、s-１２-5.2thedeletionrule1Phonology1.1Definitionofphonology1.1.1Phonologyisthestudyofthesoundpatternsandsoundsystemsoflanguages.Itaimstodiscovertheprinciplesthatgovernthewaysoundsareorganizedinlanguages,andtoexplainthevariationsthatoccur.(atp24)1.1.2Phoneticss

6、tudieshowspeechsoundsaremade,transmittedandreceived.1.2thedifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonology1)Phoneticsandphonologyarethetwodisciplinesdealingwithspeechsounds.Botharerelatedtothestudyofsounds.Theydifferintheirapproachandfocus.2)Phonologyisconcernedwithth

7、eabstractandmentalaspectofthesoundsinlanguagewhilephoneticsdealswiththeactualphysicalarticulationofspeechsounds.-１２- 3)definition4)P16,Para22Termsinphonology 2.1Minimalpairs(最小对立体)2.1.1conceptWhentwowordsareidenticalinformineverywayexceptforacontrastinonepho

8、neme,occurringinthesameposition,thetwowordsaredescribedasaminimalpair.P392.1.2argumentsandexamples1)Whentwodifferentphoneticformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentwhichoccursinthesam