英美概况笔记 American Survey

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1、PartOneGeography:I.ABriefIntroductiontoPhysicalGeography:TheUnitedStatesistheworld'sthirdorfourth largestnationbytotalarea (landandwater),rankingbehindRussiaandCanadaandjustaboveorbelow China. TheUnitedStatesissituatedinthecentralpartofNorthAmerica.TheU.S.isboundedbyCanadaonthen

2、orthandbyMexicoandtheGulfofMexicoonthesouth.TothewestofAmericaliesthePacificOcean.TotheeastofAmericaliestheAtlanticOcean.TheUnitedStatesincludes50statesandafederaldistrict,theDistrictofColumbia.1.3GeographicalDivisions:(1)Theeasternpart:ItismadeupofthehighlandsformedbytheAppalac

3、hianRangewhichbeginsformnorthMaineandreachesincentralAlabama,coveringadistanceof1200miles.Itholds1/6ofthenationalterritoryonthecontinent.Thesehighlandsarerelativelylow,only800metersabovesealevel.TheAtlanticCoastPlainstretchesfromNewYorktoFloridaandliesintheeastoftheuplandbelt.(2

4、)Thewesternpart:ItconsistsofhighplateausandmountainsformedbytheGreatCordilleraRange,extendingformCanadathroughthewesternsideoftheU.S.toMexico.Fromwesttoeast,thismountainsystemiscomposedoftheCoastRange,theCascadesandtheRockyMountains.TheColoradoPlateauandtheColumbiaPlateaulieinth

5、ewestoftheRockyMountain.TheColoradoPlateauisinthesouthalongwiththeColoradoRiverandtheColumbiaPlateauinthenorthwiththeColumbiaRiverrunningthroughtheplateau.TheColoradoPlateausarethreadedbymanydeepvalleysorcanyons,amongthemthebestknownisColoradoValleyorGreatCanyonwhichliesinnorthe

6、rnArizonawhichiscutbytheColoradoRiver.BetweenthetwoplateausliestheGreatBasin.Thewholeareaofthispartholds1/3ofthecountry’sterritoryonthecontinent.TheareaofthePacificcoastisknownforitsgrowthoffruits,vegetablesandwheat,especiallyinCalifornia.YellowstoneNationalParkissituatedinnorth

7、westernpartofWyoming.(3)TheGreatcentralplain:Thecentralplainwhichoccupies1/2territoryofthenationliesbetweentheRockyMountainsandtheAppalachians.ItstretchesfromtheGreatLakesinthenorthtotheGulfofMexicointhesouthwith3parts(the“GreatPlain”inthewesternpart,thecentrallowlandswhichareth

8、emostimportantagriculturalareaandtheGulfPlainsi