英文讲稿-pancreatic

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1、PancreaticAnatomyThepancreasis12-15cmlong.Theglandcanbedividedintofourportions-head,neck,body,andtail.Theheadofthepancreasisintimatelyadherenttothemedialportionoftheduodenumandliesinfrontoftheinferiorvenacavaandsuperiormesentericvessels.Asmalltongueoftiussecalledtheuncinateprocess

2、liesbehindthesuperiormesentericvesselsastheyemergefromtheretroperitoneum.Anteriorly,thestomachandthefirstportionoftheduodenumliepartlyinfrontofthefirstpancreas.Thecommonbileductpassesthroughaposteriorgrooveintheheadofthepancreasadjacenttotheduodenum.Thebodyofthepancreasisincontact

3、posteriorlywiththeaorta,theleftcrusofthediaphragm,theleftadrenalgland,andtheleftkidney.Thetailofthepancreasliesinthehilumofthespleen.ThemainpancreaticductcoursesalongtheglandfromthetailtotheheadandjoinsthecommonbileductjustbeforeenteringtheduodenumattheampullaofVater.Theaccessoryp

4、ancreaticductenterstheduodenum2-2.5cmproximaltotheampullaofVater.Thebloodsupplyofthepancreasisderivedfrombranchestheceliacandsuperiormesentericarteries.Thesuperiorpancreaticoduodenalarteryarisesfromthegastroduodenalartery,runsparalleltotheduodenum,andeventuallymeetstheinferiorpanc

5、reaticoduodenalartery,abranchofthesuperiormesentericartery,tofromanarcade.Thesplenicarteryprovidestirbutariesthatsupplythebodyandtailofthepancreas.Themainbranchesaretermedthedorsalpancreatic,pancreaticamagna,andcaudalpancreaticarrterialsupply.Lymphaticdrainageisintotheperipancreat

6、icnodeslocatedalongtheveins.Theinnervationofthepancreasisderivedfromthevagalandsplanchnicnerves.FrequentpancreaticdiseasesAcutepancreatitis:Acutepancreatitisisanacuteinflammatoryprocessofthepancreas,withvariableinvolvementofotherregionaltissueorremoteorgansystems.Thediseaseinclude

7、sabroadspectrumofpancreaticdisease,whichvariesfrommildparenchymaledematoseverehemorrhagicpancreatitisassociatedwithsubsequentgangreneandnecrosisTheacuteattackfrequentlybeginsfollowingalargemealandconsistsofsevereepigastricpainthatradiatesthroughtotheback.Thepainisunrelentingandusu

8、allyassociatedwithvomitingandretc