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1、Chapter11ComputationalFractureMechanicsAnthonyR.IngraffeaCornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USAOnecanthinkofthehistoricalroleofcomputationalfrac-1Introduction375turemechanicsasquantifyingthedrivingforceprovided2ATaxonomyofApproachesforbycrackfrontfieldsforcrackgrowth,whileexperimen-Representa
2、tionofCrackingProcesses376talfracturemechanicstraditionallyquantifiedtheresistingforceprovidedbythematerialcontainingthecrack.3GeometricalRepresentationApproaches378However,theroleofCFMhasbeenexpanding,espe-4NongeometricalRepresentationApproaches394ciallyinthelastdecade.Notonlydoesitco
3、ntinueto5Summary400encompassitsclassicalresponsibilitytocomputedrivingAcknowledgments402forcesbutitisnowalsofrequentlyemployedtopredictaReferences402materialsresistancetocrackgrowth,andeventheprocessofcracknucleationitself.AsnotedbyCotterell(2002)inhisoverviewofthepast,present,andfutu
4、reoffracture1INTRODUCTIONmechanics,anevolvingclassofneedfromcomputationalfracturemechanicsis:Theclassical,overallobjectiveoffracturemechanicsisthedeterminationoftherateofchangeoftheshapeof...thepredictionofamaterialsfracturepropertiessothatanexistingcrack.Willitpropagateundergivenload
5、ingcandidatesforsuitablenewmaterialscanbeobtainedbyandenvironmentalconditions,and,ifitdoespropagate,atmodelingandsimulationtoavoidlongandcostlytesting.whatrateandintowhatconfiguration?ThecorrespondingcomputationalrequirementhasbeentoobtainthefieldsLikesomanyotherfieldssuchasphysics,biolo
6、gy,anddisplacement,strain,stress,andenergyfromwhichthechemistry,fracturemechanicsisridingthewavesofever-drivingforceforcrackpropagationmightbeextracted.increasingcomputationalpowerandabilitytoobserveatForexample,undertherulesoflinearelasticfracturesmallerlengthandtimescales.Atthetimeo
7、fthepub-mechanics(LEFM),onemightwanttodeterminecondi-licationofanotabletreatiseoncomputationalfracturetionsforunstablegrowthofaMode-Icrackidealizedasmechanics(Atluri,1986),routinefiniteelementanalysestwo-dimensionalandcontainedinastructuresubjectedto(FEA)ofcrackproblemsinvolvingtensoft
8、housa
