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1、Chapter6ComputationalContactMechanicsP.Wriggers1andG.Zavarise21UniversityofHannover,Hannover,Germany2DepartmentofStructuralEngineeringandGeotechnics,PolitecnicodiTorino,Torino,Italyrapidlyincreasingpowerofmoderncomputers,moreand1Introduction195morenumerica
2、lsimulationsinengineeringcaninclude2GeneralOverview196contactconstraintsdirectly,whichmaketheproblemsnon-linear.3ContinuumDescriptionofContact198Thisoverviewsummarizestheeffortthatwasdevotedto4ContactDiscretizations206improvenumericaltreatmentofcontactprob
3、lemsduringthe5SolutionAlgorithms214lastyears.Thisfactisduetothegrowingcomputingpower6Conclusions221thatleadstomoreandmoresophisticatedanddetailedReferences221technicalmodelswithinengineeringanalysis.Thefullrangeoftheseindustry-relatedproblemsincludesapplic
4、ationsinmechanicalandcivilengineeringsuchascarcrashorenergyabsorbersforseismicloads.Often,couplingof1INTRODUCTIONdifferentfieldshastobeconsideredsuchasinthecaseofheatremovalfromelectronicdevicesoroffrictioninContactmechanicsplaysanimportantroleinmanyengi-su
5、perconductivecoils.Also,medicalapplicationsareofneeringproblems.Noonecanwalkwithoutfrictionalimportancesuchashipjointsortoothimplants.Sincethecontact,andnocarwouldmoveforthesamereason.Ifareainwhichafoot,atyre,orawheelinteractswithfrictionwerenotpresent(see
6、movementonice),allthesemotionswouldnotbepossible.Hence,contactmechan-thesoil,theroad,ortherailisnotknownapriori,theicshas,fromanengineeringpointofview,alonghistory,mathematicaldescriptionofcontactleadstoanonlinearbeginninginancientEgyptwiththemovementoflar
7、geboundaryvalueproblem,whichisnonsmoothevenforthesestoneblocks,overfirstexperimentalcontributionsfromsimpletasks.leadingscientistslikeLeonardodaVinciandCoulomb,toOwingtothesedemands,modernsimulationtechniquestodayscomputationalmethods.Inthepast,contactcon-f
8、orcontactproblemsusingthefiniteelementmethodhaveditionswereoftenmodeledinengineeringanalysisbybeendeveloped.Thelatterincludesavarietyofdis-moresimpleboundaryconditions,sinceanalyticalsolu-cretizationtechniques
