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1、READINGPASSAGE13TVADDICTIONATheamountoftimepeoplespendwatchingtelevisionisastonishing,Onaverage,individualsintheindustrialisedworlddevotethreehoursadaytothepursuit-fullyhalfoftheirleisuretime,andmorethanonanysingleactivitysaveworkandsleep.Atthisrate,someonewholivesto75wouldspendniney
2、earsinfrontofthetube.Tosomecommentators,thisdevotionmeanssimplythatpeopleenjoyTVandmakeaconsciousdecisiontowatchit.Butifthatisthewholestory,whydosomanypeopleexperiencemisgivingsabouthowmuchtheyview?InGalluppollsin1992and1999,twooutoffiveadultrespondentsandsevenoutof10teenagerssaidthe
3、yspenttoomuchtimewatchingTV.Othersurveyshaveconsistentlyshownthatroughly10percentofadultscallthemselvesTVaddicts.BTostudypeople'sreactiontoTV,researchershaveundertakenlaboratoryexperimentsinwhichtheyhavemonitoredthebrainwaves(usinganelectroencephalograph,orEEG)totrackbehaviourandemot
4、ioninthenormalcourseoflife,asopposedtotheartificialconditionsofthelab.Participantscarriedbeeper,andwesignaledthemsixtoeighttimesaday,atarandom,overtheperiodofaweek,whenevertheyheardthedeep,theywrotedownwhattheyweredoingandhowtheywerefeelingusingastandardizedscorecard.CAsonemightexpec
5、t,peoplewhowerewatchingTVwhenwebeepedthemreportedandpassive.TheEEGstudiessimilarlyshowlessmentalstimulation,asmeasuredbyalphabrain-waveproduction,duringviewingthanduringreading.Whatismoresurprisingisthatthesenseofrelaxationendswhenthesetisturnedoff,butthefeelingofpassivityandlowereda
6、lertnesscontinue.Surveyparticipantssaytheyhavemoredifficultyconcentratingafterviewingthanbefore.Incontrast,theyrarelyindicatesuchdifficultyafterreading.Afterplayingsportsorengaginginhobbies,peoplereportimprovementsinmood.AfterwatchingTV,people'smoodsareaboutthesameorworsethanbefore.T
7、hatmaybebecauseviewer'svaguelearnedsensethattheywillfeellessrelaxediftheystopviewing.Sotheytendnottoturnthesetoff.Viewingbegetsmoreviewingwhichisthesameastheexperienceofhabit-formingdrugs.Thus,theironyofTV:peoplewatchagreatdeallongertheyplanto,eventhoughprolongedviewingislessrewardin
8、g.InourESMst
