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1、Chapter10LexicalChunks(2)PointsforThinking1.Whatisaidiom?2.Illustratewithexamplestheclassificationofidioms.3.Whatarethecharacteristicsofidiomsintermsofthegrammaticalaspect?4.Whatisaproverb?Canyoulistsomefeaturesofproverbs?5.Ofthefigurativeidioms,whatarethedifferencesbetweenmetaphoricali
2、diomsandsimilizedidioms?10.1DefinitionofIdiomAnidiomisgenerallydefinedasaphrasewhosemeaningisdifficultorsometimesimpossibletoguessbylookingatthemeaningofindividualwordsitcontains.Inmodernlinguisticsanidiomisdefinedasacomplexlexicalitemwhichislongerthanawordformbutshorterthanasentenceand
3、whichhasameaningthatcannotbederivedfromtheknowledgeofitscomponentparts.Meaningisthusthedecisive,ifnottheonlycriterionforidioms.Thewordformsofanidiomdonotconstitutelexicalunitsanddonotmakeanisolablecontributiontothemeaningofthewhole,butshowaunitarymeaning.Englishidiomsareanessentialparto
4、fthegeneralvocabulary.Idiomsreflecttheenvironment,life,history,andcultureofthenativespeakers,andarecloselyassociatedwiththeirinnermostspiritandfeeling.E.g.lookup,putaside,doawaywith,thelaststraw,attheeleventhhour,asstraightasanarrow,givesb.thecoldshoulder,makebothendmeet….Theyarestylist
5、icallyneutral,andquiteanumberofthembelongtoinformalspokenEnglish.Anidiomisafixedgroupofwordsorasingleword,orevenasentence,withspecialmeaningthatcannotbeguessedfromitsconstituents.Thatistosaythemeaningofitmustbelearntasawhole.Idiomsincludethefollowing:setphrases(固定短语)、colloquialisms(俗语)、
6、proverbs(谚语)、slangexpressions(俚语)EnglishidiomscanbeirregularandillogicalinstructureDiamondcutdiamond.adv.棋逢对手Itwasdiamondcutdiamondwhenthetwoteamsmet.那两队一交锋真是棋逢对手，互不相让throughthickandthin不顾艰难险阻,在任何情况下Hedashedthroughthickandthin.他不顾艰难险阻地往前冲。MostEnglishidiomsarefixedinstructure(1) whollyfi
7、xedidiomsEasycome,easygo.来得容易，去得快Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.无风不起浪Giftsblindtheeyes.吃人家嘴短，拿人家手软。(2)PartlyfixedidiomsA:Tocometoabad(nasty,sticky,untimely,nogood,etc.)end.He'llcometoabadendoneofthesedays.他总有一天会遭到恶报的。B:Totake(have,enjoy)fortywinks.Iwanttocatchfortywinkbeforetheguest
