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《牛津译林版八年级下册:8B被动语态专项练习》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。
1、被动语态讲解一、各种时态的被动语态般现在时:am/is/are+动词过去分词Carsaremadebythem・一般过去时:was/were+动词过去分词TheMP3wasboughtbymyfather.—般将来时:will/shall/begoingtobe+动词过去分词Thebridgewillbecompletedintendays・现在完成时:have/hasbeen+动词过去分词Themeetinghasbeenputoff.二、含有情态动词的被动语态原来带to的情态动词变o例如:含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句吋,由“情态动词+be+过去
2、分词咛勾成,成被动语态后“to"仍要保留。歌诀是:情态动词变动,情态加be加“过分"wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.—>Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Wemustfinishthisworksoon.—>Thisworkmustbedonesoon.Wehavetocleantheclassroom・—>Theclassroomhastobecleanedbyus.三、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题.(1)吋态保持一致。Ihaverepairedmycomputer.—Mycompu
3、terhasbeenrepaired.(1)如果要说出动作的执行者,并且这个执行者可以作主动语态中主语吋,就用by短语,如果后面的词表示地点,不是动作的执行者,就用in短语。Itismadebyus.ItismadeinWuhan.(2)主动句的主语是代词的主格形式,变成被动句by的宾语时要用其宾格形式。Hecleanedthecar.—>Thecarwascleanedbyhim.(3)疑问句的被动语态,用be动词的对应形式代替doDoesshedrivethiscar?—>Isthiscardrivenbyher?(4)谓语为动词短语的被动语态不
4、能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。Hisbestfriendoftenlooksafterhim.—Heisoftenlookedafterbyhisbestfriend.(5)主动句中有一些动词如buy,send,give,show,offer,tell,lend,teach等,带有双宾语,一个是直接宾语(指物),另一个是间接宾语(指人),主动语态变为被动语态时,可以把间接宾语变成主语,保留直接宾语,也可以把直接宾语变为主语,保留间接宾语,但此时一般在间接宾语前加一个介词。Myfathergavemeabook.—>(1)1wasgivenabookby
5、myfather.—>(2)Abookwasgiventomebymyfather・Sheshowedmesomephotos・(1)1wasshownsomephotosbyher.—>(2)Somephotoswereshowntomebyher.注意:有些双宾语动词,如do,pass,sell,send,sing,bring,write等,变为被动语态时,通常以直接宾语作主语,保留间接宾语,其前面根据情况用介词to或forShewrotemealetter.—>Aletterwaswrittentomebyher.有些双宾语动词如answer,
6、save,envy(羡慕)等,通常以间接宾语作被动语态主语,保留直接宾语。Heansweredmethatquestion.—>Iwasansweredthatquestionbyhim.(1)主动语态句中使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语为不带to的不定式,但变为被动语态吋要加上to,这类的动词有make,have,let,notice,see,watch,lookat,hear,listento,feelhelpMr.Leemadehimwashthedishes.—»Hewasmadetowashthedishes.Isawaboycrossthe
7、street.—>Aboywasseentocrossthestreet.(2)Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型一些表示"据说”或湘信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型"It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+todosth."。有:Itissaidthat...据说,Itisreportedthat...据报道,Itisbelievedthat...大家相信,Itishopedthat…大家希望,Itiswellknownthat
8、...众所周知,Itisthoughtthat...大家认为,Itissuggestedthat…据建议。例