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1、八下牛津英语语法讲解与练习------被动语态一、各种时态的被动语态一般现在时:am/is/are+动词过去分词Carsaremadebythem.一般过去时:was/were+动词过去分词TheMP3wasboughtbymyfather.一般将来时:will/shall/begoingtobe+动词过去分词 Thebridgewillbecompletedintendays. 现在完成时:have/hasbeen+动词过去分词Themeetinghasbeenputoff.二、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情
2、态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。歌诀是:情态动词变动,情态加be加“过分”。例如: wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.We mustfinishthisworksoon.→Thisworkmustbedonesoon.Wehavetocleantheclassroom.→Theclassroomhastobecleanedbyus.三、主动语
3、态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题.(1)时态保持一致。Ihaverepairedmycomputer.---Mycomputerhasbeenrepaired. (2)如果要说出动作的执行者,并且这个执行者可以作主动语态中主语时,就用by短语,如果后面的词表示地点,不是动作的执行者,就用in短语。Itismadebyus.ItismadeinWuhan.(3)主动句的主语是代词的主格形式,变成被动句by的宾语时要用其宾格形式。Hecleanedthecar.→Thecarwascleanedbyhim.(4)疑问句
4、的被动语态,用be动词的对应形式代替doDoesshedrivethiscar?→Isthiscardrivenbyher?(5)谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。Hisbestfriendoftenlooksafterhim. --Heisoftenlookedafterbyhisbestfriend.(6)主动句中有一些动词如buy,send,give,show,offer,tell,lend,teach等,带有双宾语,一个是直接宾语(指物),另一个是间接宾语(指人),主动语态变为被动语态
5、时,可以把间接宾语变成主语,保留直接宾语,也可以把直接宾语变为主语,保留间接宾语,但此时一般在间接宾语前加一个介词。Myfathergavemeabook.→(1)Iwasgivenabookbymyfather.→(2)Abookwasgiventomebymyfather.Sheshowedmesomephotos.→(1)Iwasshownsomephotosbyher.→(2)Somephotoswereshowntomebyher.注意:有些双宾语动词,如do,pass,sell,send,sing,br
6、ing,write等,变为被动语态时,通常以直接宾语作主语,保留间接宾语,其前面根据情况用介词to或forShewrotemealetter.→Aletterwaswrittentomebyher.有些双宾语动词如answer,save,envy(羡慕)等,通常以间接宾语作被动语态主语,保留直接宾语。Heansweredmethatquestion.→Iwasansweredthatquestionbyhim.(7)主动语态句中使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语为不带to的不定式,但变为被动语态时要加上to,这类的动词
7、有make,have,let,notice,see,watch,lookat, hear,listento,feelhelp等。Mr.Leemadehimwashthedishes. →Hewasmadetowashthedishes.Isawaboycrossthestreet.→Aboywasseentocrossthestreet.-8-(8)Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型 一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,
8、think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+todosth.”。有: Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道,Itisbelievedthat…大家相信,Itishopedthat…大家希望,Itiswellknownthat…众所周知,Itisthoughtthat…大家认为,