财经专业英语教程（第二版）宋德富、葛志宏u7

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1、Unit7Passage:BasicTypesofSocioeconomicSystem[Para1JTheWorld'speoples,facedwithsolvingtheireconomicandsocialproblem,generallyorganizethemselvesaccordingtooneofthethreebasicsystems:(1)freeenterprise,(2)centralstatecontrol,or(3)mixedstate-cmd-privateenterprise・Ineachsystemthereissomecombin

2、ationofprivateeffortsandgovernmentcontrols.Inallsystemsattentionisgiventosocialproblemsaswellaseconomicones;thus,theyarecalledsocioeconomicsystem・FreeEnterprise[Para2]Afreeenterpriseeconomyisbasedontheprincipleofvoluntaryassociationandexchange.Peoplewithgoodsandservicestoselltakethemvol

3、untarilytomarket,seekingtoobtainaprofitfromthesale.Otherpeoplewithwantstosatisfygotomarketvoluntarily,hopingtofindthethingstheywanttobuy.Nooneforcesanybodytobuyortosell・Producersaredrawnvoluntarilytothemarketbytheirdesiretomakeaprofit.Consumerslikewisegowillinglytothemarketplaceinordert

4、osatisfytheirmanywants.Theproducerandconsumerthenmakeaneconomicexchangeinwhichnormallybothofthemreceiveaneconomicbenefit.Theproducerearnsaprofit,andtheconsumerhasanewgoodorservicepersonallyvaluedmorehighlythanitscost.[Para3]Inthemarketeconomy,productionisforprofitandconsumptionisforthes

5、atisfactionofwants.Peopletrytopromotetheirowninterestsinthemarketplace.Tomakethesystemworkfairly,competitionmustbepresent.Inotherwordsaproducer—thesupermarketoperator—hastosetpricesataboutthesamelevelascompetingsupermarketsorruntheriskoflosingcustomersandprofitstolower-pricedstores.Allp

6、ricesaretheresult,notofactionsbymonopolistsorgovernmentofficials,butofcompletelyimpersonalforcesofsupply(byproducers)anddemand(byconsumers).Whentheseconditionsoccur,producersvoluntarilyproducewhatconsumerswant,forthatisthewaytomakeafairprofit.Atthesametime,consumersachieveanoptimumsatis

7、factionoftheirwantsatthelowestcost.Infreecompetitivemarkets,theconsumeris“king，、or“queerTbecauseproducersmustobeythewishesanddemandsofconsumersiftheywanttomakeaprofit.[Para4]Inthiskindofmarketsystem,themembersofsocietysatisfymostoftheireconomicwantsthroughthesevoluntarymarkettr