《病例对照》PPT课件

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1、病例对照研究CaseControlStudyEpidemiologyisthestudyofthedistributionanddeterminantsofdiseasefrequencyinhumanpopulation.Epidemiology:PrinciplesandMethodsbyBrianMacMahon1996DescriptiveEpidemiologyHypothesisAnalyticalEpidemiologyJudgingCausalityPreventionStrategiesConceptMapCase-ControlCohorts

2、tudyExperimentalEpidemiologyc.s.EcologyscreDescriptiveEpidemiologicProcess}WHOwasaffected?WHEREweretheyaffected?WHENweretheyaffected?HOWandWHY?DescriptiveStudies:UsesHypothesisgeneratingSuggestingassociationsEvaluatinginterventioneffectStudyinghealthsituationofpopulationAnalyticalEpi

3、demiologicProcess}HOWtheway?WHYreason?Causalinference第一节基本原理BasicPrinciple基本原理研究特点研究史应用BasicPrincipleCharacteristicsHistoryApplicationCasecontrolstudyisalsocalledCase-comparisonstudy,Case-referentstudyandRetrospectivestudywhichstudytherelationshipbetweenexposureanddisease.Comparingwi

4、thcohortstudy,casecontrolstudyissavingontime,works,cheapandquickinobtainingtheresults.Thismethodissuitabletoexploreriskfactorofdisease,effectoftreatmentandsideeffectofmedicineandsoon.第一节基本原理Cases,diagnosed“somedisease”Control,withoutdiseasebutcomparabletocasesCollectingexposurehistor

5、ybyrecall,labtestorreviewmedicalhistory.第一节基本原理基本原理病例，确诊患某种特定疾病的病人对照不患该病但具有可比性的个体通过询问、实验室检查或复查病史，搜集既往危险因素暴露史基本原理测量并比较两组各因素的暴露比例，经统计学检验该因素与疾病之间是否存在统计学关联Measuringandcomparingtheexposureproportionin2groupsandstatisticaltestingIfthereisstatisticalassociation“病例”是以现在确诊的患有某特定疾病的病人，或是研究者所感兴

6、趣的事件如健康、有效、痊愈、死亡、药物副作用等，也可以是某一疾病的症状或体征。CASEisIndividualswithaneventorconditionofinterest,suchasdisease,health,effect,cure,death,sideeffect，orsignorsyndromeofadisease.第一节基本原理对照：是未患该病或不具有所感兴趣的事件但具有可比性的个体。CONTROLS：areindividualswithouttheeventorconditionofinterest.第一节基本原理“暴露”研究对象曾经接触过某些

7、因素，如化学的、生物的或物理因素或具备某些特征，或处于某种状态，它可以是有害的，也可以是有益的。“Exposure”Astateofcontactorcloseproximitytoachemical,pathogen,radioisotope;exposuremaybeinastatesuchashypertension.Theymaybeharmfulorbenefit.第一节基本原理时间(time)病例组case对照组control研究开始studybegin暴露exposure暴露exposure非暴露Non-exposure非暴露Non-exposur

8、e调查方向directi