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1、:HowdoesSFGanalyze?®ContextSemanticLexico-svstemFieldExperiential.LTransitivity'^steinActor+rrocessTenor・InterpersonalMoodsystemSubject+FinitkMood^Modal舐…ModeTextualThematicsystemThemeRh^meAboveaTextTextwithinaTextBasicNotion:ClauseThefirstbasicthingyoushouldkn
2、owisclause・Aclauseisanystretchoflanguagecenteredaroundaverbalgroup.Allclausesmusthaveaverbgroup(VG)—itistheobligatoryconstituentoftheclause.Thefollowing,forinstance,areallclauses(theVGsareunderlined):1•MickeyMouseiseatinglaksa.2.Stop!3.…Whileeatinglaksa…Butnotth
3、efollowing:4.X-files.5.Wasgargling・It’seasytoseewhy(4)isn’taclause(cos1there’snoVG),butwhatabout(5)?IthasaVG,sowouldntthatmakeitaclause?Theanswerisno.Whatyouhavein(5)isaVG,whichonlycarriesthepotentialofbeingpartofaclause・Infact,ifyoulookatthemainverb一gargling一yo
4、u’dagreethatitrequiressomeonetodothegargling.SoifwehadMickeyMousewasgargling,wewouldhaveaclause・Butbyitself,(5)isonlyaVG,notaclause・Whatabout(2)then?Well,whatwehavein(2)isanimperalive.Now,imperativesareclausesthatcanbe,andareoften,subjectless・Theomittedsubjectis
5、frequentlythesecondpersonpronounyou.Hence,whensomeoneyellsStop!,heorshereallymeansYoustop!.However,thesubject,provideditisexplicitlymentioned,neednotalwaysbethesecondpersonpronoun.Incertaincases,athirdpersonsubjectisalsopossible,asin:6・Somebodyopenthisdoor.Types
6、ofclausesHere,wewillonlybeconcernedwiththebroadesttypesofclauses,namely,main(a.k.a・independent)clause,andsubordinate(a.k.a.dependent)clause・Theseclausesareallrankingclauses,thatis,theyformaseparaterankontherankscale・Wewillstick,nevertheless,toHalliday'sterminolo
7、gicalpreferenceandregardallclauses—unlessotherwisestatedasranked.Intermsoftheirrealization,rankingclausesdonotformpartofalargerclause,althoughsomeofthemmaybedependentonanotherclause(seethedifference?).Howthen,dowehandleclause-likesegmentsthatoccuraspartofalarger
8、clause?Well,suchsegmentsarecalleddownrankedclauses(alsosometimesreferredtoasrankshiftedorembeddedclauses)・Theyhavethefonnofaclause,butarereallyfunctioningasaparticipa
