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1、HundredYears'War1百年战争（HundredYears'War）是指英国和法国，以及后来加入的勃艮第，于1337年-1453年间的战争，是世界最长的战争，断断续续进行了长达116年。2HundredYears'War名称：HundredYears'War地点：法国和低地国家时间：1337年－1453年参战方：法国、苏格兰；英格兰、勃艮第结果：法国胜利主要指挥官：圣女贞德；亨利六世影响：法国夺回被英格兰控制的领地时间：持续116年3introductionTheHundredYears'Warwasaseriesofconflictswagedf
2、rom1337to1453betweentheKingsofFranceandtheKingsofEnglandandtheirvariousalliesforcontroloftheFrenchthrone,whichhadbecomevacantupontheextinctionoftheseniorCapetianlineofFrenchkings.TheHouseofValoiscontrolledFranceinthewakeoftheHouseofCapet;aCapetiancadetbranch,theValoisclaimedthethro
3、neunderSalicLaw.ThiswascontestedbytheHouseofPlantagenet,theAngevinfamilythathadruledEnglandsince1154,whoclaimedthethroneofFrancethroughthe1308marriageofEdwardIIofEnglandandIsabellaofFrance.4introduction5Thewarowesitshistoricalsignificancetoanumberoffactors.Althoughprimarilyadynasti
4、cconflict,thewargaveimpetustoideasofbothFrenchandEnglishnationalism.Militarily,itsawtheintroductionofnewweaponsandtacticswhicherodedtheoldersystemoffeudalarmiesdominatedbyheavycavalryinWesternEurope.ThefirststandingarmiesinWesternEuropesincethetimeoftheWesternRomanEmpirewereintrodu
5、cedforthewar,thuschangingtheroleofthepeasantry.Forallthis,aswellasforitslongduration,itisoftenviewedasoneofthemostsignificantconflictsinthehistoryofmedievalwarfare.InFrance,civilwars,deadlyepidemics,faminesandmaraudingmercenaryarmiesturnedtobanditryreducedthepopulationbyaboutone-ha
6、lf.[1]TheFrenchvictorydestabilizedEnglishsocietyand,asaconsequence,acivilwar,knownastheWaroftheRoses(1455–1485),eruptedinEnglandshortlyaftertheendoftheHundredYears'War.[2]In1066,William,DukeofNormandy,ledaninvasionofEngland.HedefeatedtheEnglishKingHaroldIIattheBattleofHastingsandha
7、dhimselfcrownedKingofEngland.ThiscreatedanewsituationfortheNormanaristocracyandthepoliticsofwesternEurope.[3]Therewasapotentialproblemwiththekingofonecountrybeingsubordinatetothekingofanother.AsDukeofNormandy,WilliamremainedavassaloftheFrenchKingandwasrequiredtoswearfealtytothelatt
8、erforhislandsinFrance;fora
