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1、4330JOURNALOFLIGHTWAVETECHNOLOGY,VOL.27,NO.19,OCTOBER1,2009Two-DimensionalFerroelectricPhotonicCrystalWaveguides:Simulation,Fabrication,andOpticalCharacterizationPaoTaiLin,Member,IEEE,Member,OSA,FeiYi,Member,IEEE,Seng-TiongHo,Member,IEEE,Fellow,OSA,andBruceW.
2、Wessels,Member,OSAAbstract—Theopticalpropertiesoftwodimensionalphotonicdicted[1]–[4].PhCshavebeenutilizedinopticaldelaylinescrystal(PhC)waveguideswereinvestigatedusingferroelectric[5]–[7],dispersioncontrol[8],photoluminescence[9],[10],lowbariumtitanate(BTO)th
3、infilmsastheopticalmedium.Thepho-Velectro-optic(EO)modulators[11],all-opticalswitchingtonicbandstructurewascalculatedusinga2-Dfinitedifference[12],[13],andchannel-droppingfilters[14].Formodulatorstimedomain(FDTD)method;abroadbandgapisobservedthatresultsfromthehi
4、ghrefractiveindexcontrast.Thesimulatedandswitchesrequiringwidetunabilityandhighspeed,PhCde-transmissionspectraindicatethestopbandofPhCismainlyvicesutilizingnonlinearopticalmaterialhavebeenproposeddeterminedbythreeparameters:latticeconstant,refractive[15]–[17]
5、.indexcontrast,andwaveguidemodeorder.FromtransmissionFerroelectricoxidessuchaslithiumniobate,leadlanthanummeasurementsthePhCwithalatticeconstant nmshowszirconatetitanate,andbariumtitanate(BTO)areespeciallyastronglightdispersionandtheotherPhCwith nmshows
6、a120-nmbroadstopband.StronglocalizationofvisiblepromisingsincetheyhaveexcellentnonlinearopticalpropertieslightwithinthePhCcavitiesisdemonstratedfromthelight[18],[19].FerroelectricPhCwithtemporalmodulationbasedscatteringimages.Theobservedstronglightconfinementa
7、nditsonthePockelseffectandtunablemultichannelfilters,werespatialintensityprofileduetoresonanceagreewiththecalculatedpreviouslydemonstrated[20],[21].ALiNbOEOmodulatorprofiles.FrompolarizedopticalmicroscopywediscoveredtheusingonedimensionalPCBragggratingstructureh
8、asbeenscatteredlightwavelengthwashighlysensitivetomagnitudeofthelatticeconstant.TheopticalscatteringpropertiesindicateBTOreportedwithaswitchingvoltage-interactionlengthproductPhCcanpotent