认知逻辑：对认识的逻辑的探索

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1、EpistemicLogicEpistemicLogicASLKNicholasRescherUNIVERSITYOFPITTSBURGHPRESSPublishedbytheUniversityofPittsburghPress,Pittsburgh,Pa.,15260Copyright©2005,UniversityofPittsburghPressAllrightsreservedManufacturedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica

2、Printedonacid-freepaper10987654321LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataRescher,Nicholas.Epistemiclogic:asurveyofthelogicofknowledge/NicholasRescher.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0-8229-4246-1(alk.paper)1.Epistemics.2.Logic.3.Kno

3、wledge,Theoryof.I.Title.BC21.E64R472005160—dc222004021645ForNeilTennantContentsPrefacevii1.SettingtheStage12.BasicPrinciples83.DeductivityandKnowledgeAmpliation144.Metaknowledge205.ForAughtThatSomeoneKnows256.GroupKnowledge307.PropositionalversusInterrogativ

4、eKnowledge358.CollectiveversusDistributiveKnowledgeandKnowerLimitedness429.Modality4910.ProblemsofEpistemicDemocracy5511.PossibilityandConceivability5812.Unknowability6213.Fitch’sTheoremandItsConsequences6614.FiniteandInfiniteKnowers7115.VagrantPredicatesandN

5、oninstantiability7616.UnanswerableQuestionsandInsolubilia8517.UnknowableTruth9418.ImplicationsofCognitiveLimitation100Appendix1:ASurveyofThesisAcceptability105Appendix2:OnQuantifyingKnowledge(andtheGulfBetweenLinguisticTruthandObjectiveFact)109Notes125Biblio

6、graphy135Index139PrefaceNotlongagoIwasinvitedtocontributeasketchofepistemiclogicof-feringageneralsurveyofphilosophicallogictoACompaniontoPhilo-sophicalLogic(OxfordUniversityPress).Whenpreparingthispiece,itstruckmethatthereactuallyisnosynopticaccountofthefield

7、.De-spiteagreatmanyarticlesinscholarlyjournalsdealingwithspecialtopicsinepistemiclogic,theredoesnotexistatextthatputsthepiecestogetherinasystematicexpositionofthefieldthatconnectsitwiththeissuesofphilosophicalepistemology.Myaimhereistofillthisgap.Thetopicisofs

8、ufficientlywideinterest—notonlytologiciansbutalsotophilosophers,cognitivescientists,informationscientists,arti-ficialintelligenceresearchers,andothers—thatstudentsneedandde-serveahelpinghandinsecu