外语实证研究方法课第5讲

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1、MaincontentsofChapter5Part1MeasurementScales5.1Twokindsofvariablesintermsoftheirvalue5.1.1Discretevariables:(1)Theyarcallintheformofintegerandnodecimalfractionvaluecanbeinsertedintotwointegers(2)Thereisnodefinitedistancebetweentwoadjacentnumbers5.1.2Continuousvariables:1.Theycantakeanyv

2、aluesorcanhavedecimalfractions;2.Therearedefinitedistancesbetweenanytwovalues.Exercise5」Judgewhethereachofthevariableslistedbelowbemeasuredwithdiscretedataorcontinuousdata?1.()Cognitivestyle2.()Scoresonaten-pointbiologyquiz.3.()Gradelevel4.()Anxietylevelaverage5.()Weightinpounds6・()Educ

3、ationlevel7.()Educationyears&()Age9.()Ageshownwithsenior,middleaged,young10.()FamilyincomeinRMB11.()Familyincomeinrank5.2CategoriesofScales5.2.1NominalscalesS1•Theyarethelowesttypeofscale.2.Theyarcusedfornamingandcategorizingdatainavariable・3.Theymaybelabelledasdiscrete,discontinuous,ca

4、tegorical,orevendichotomousscale・4.Membershipinsuchgroupsmayoccureithernaturallyorartificially5.ThelabePsnumberisarbitrarilyassigned・6.Thepuiposeofanominalcategorizationistogroupsubjectsorinstancesofdataaccordingtosomeattribute.7.Theydonotlendthemselvestomathematicalmanipulation・5.2.2.O

5、rdinalscales1.Inordinalscalenumbersareusedtoorderevents,objectsandpeoplealongacontinuum・2.Besidesshowingadifference,theyalsoshowanorde匚3.Ranksthemselveshavenonumericalvalue.Theyhaveanordinalvalueonlywhentheyarerelativetootherranks・4.Thetoprankwillalwaysbe'one，regardlessofwhatthatscoreis

6、.5.Thedifferencebetweenthe1standthe2ndwillalwaysbeexactlyonerankregardlessofhowdifferentthescoresare.5.2.3.IntervalscalesIntervalscalesnotonlyrepresenttheorderingofthingsbutalsoreflecttheinterval,ordistance・Itisalsocalledequal-unitscale.5.2.4.RatioscalesTheycontainanabsoluteortruezeropo

7、intinadditiontoanequalunit・RatiosccilesseldomoccurinFLresearch・However,formostpracticalpurposes,rationscalemeasurementisequivalenttointervalscaleinregardtostatisticalprocedures・Therefore,whethermeasurementisintervalorrationscaleisusuallynotanimportantdistinctioninFLresearch.5.3