凤凰国际英语托福写作how_to_write_summary_2

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1、IntegratedWritingHowtoWriteSummary写摘要托福写作自我训练方法1精读仔细阅读范文，欣赏并标出精彩的用词和句型，体会上下文中表达的精妙，提高对精彩语言的敏感度，要多写，多记。2背诵背精彩词汇，背精彩句型，背精彩句子，背精彩框架，背精彩段落，通过背诵完成从欣赏到掌握的过程，别人的变成自己的。3默写将背过的句子，段落默写下来，检查核对，看看是否精确掌握了每一个词汇。Readingmakesafullmanwritingmakesanexactman4效仿在范文中学到的单词，词组，句型，框架放在新的语境下模仿创作，造句写作。在新的作

2、文中保留一定闪光点。Aproverb:oursloganReadingmakesafullmanwritingmakesanexactman.Writingagoodsummarydemonstratesthatyouclearlyunderstandatextandthatyoucancommunicatethatunderstandingtoyourreaders.Input---output(compressed)Asummarycanbetrickytowriteatfirstbecauseit’stemptingtoincludetoomucho

3、rtoolittleinformation.StepsReadthetextcarefully.Determineitsstructure,andidentifytheauthor’spurpose.Youneedtoreaditmorethanoncetounderstanditcompletelyandaccurately.2.Locatethetopicsentenceandothermainpoints.Youcanunderlineorhighlightkeywords.3.Paraphrasethemainpointsinyourownword

4、s.Makesurethatyouarefaithfultothemeaningoftheoriginaltext.Youshouldneverincludeyouropinion.4.Usethepresenttense.5.Atthebeginningofthesummary,citetheauthorandnameofthework,itany.6.Includeverbsindicatingthesourceofastatement.Forexample,Theauthorsays/states/contends/argues/etcExample

5、Becauseoftheirdiversity,sevenseparategroupingsordivisionsofalgaehavebeenestablishedbybotanists.Keywords:sevenseparategroups/argue/botanists---Botanistshaveclassifiedalgaeintoseventypes.(summary1)---Botanically,thereareseventypesofalgae.(summary2)Example2Onewaytofightglobalwarmingi

6、storaisethegasolinetax.Raisingthistaxwouldmakeitmoreexpensiveforpeopletodrive.Thedesiredeffectwouldbeforpeopletodrivelessandtrytoconservemoregas.Thiswouldresultinlessgasolinebeingburnedand,inturn,lessdamagebeingdonetotheozonelayer.---Increasingthegasolinetaxmightslowglobalwarmingb

7、yforcingpeopletouselessgasfordriving,resultinginlessharmtotheozonelayer.AnothersetofmethodsDivideReadRereadOnesentenceatatimeWriteathesisstatementReadytowriteDivideFirstoff,skimthetextyouaregoingtosummarizeanddivideitintosections.Focusonanyheadingsandsubheadings.Alsolookatanybold-

8、facedtermsandmakesureyouunderstan