Translation Shifts翻译转换

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1、-3-TRANSLATIONSHIFTSTranslationshiftsTranslationshift,asaninevitablephenomenonintranslationactivities,hasbeenpaidmuchattentiontoandstudiedbytranslationscholarsforaquitelongtimesincethe1950s.1.DefinitionoftranslationshiftCatford’sdefinition:Deviationwhichcorrespondswithformoccursint

2、heprocessofconversionofsourcelanguageintotargetlanguage.Popovic’sdefinition:Allthatappearsasnewwithrespecttotheoriginal,orfailstoappearwhereitmighthavebeenexpected.2.TheoreticalGroundSincethe1950s,westerntranslationtheoristsandpractitionersbegantoundergoresearchesfromtheperspective

3、oflinguisticswhichkeptdevelopingquickly.Itputemphasisonscientific,preciseandcarefuldescriptionofthesourcetextandtargettext.3.ResearchRepresentatives(1)Vinay&DarbelnetVinayandDarbelnetworkinginthefieldofcomparativestylistics,developedasystemoftranslationstrategies(direct/obliquetran

4、slation)andprocedures:borrowing,calque,literal,transposition(changeinwordclass),modulation(changeinsemantics),equivalence(completelydifferenttranslation),adaption(changeofsituationduetoculturaldifferences)wereputforward.Thereisaslightprescriptiveundertoneintheworkofthem,becausethey

5、statethatobliqueproceduresshouldonlybeusedifamoredirectonewouldleadtoawrongorawkwardtranslation.Thoughhediscussedanddescribedtranslationshiftbuthedidn’tgivethemadefinition.Nomatterwhatapproachestheyadopted,theirthoughtswereinfluentialandprovidedasolidfoundationforthefurtherstudy.(2

6、)CatfordTranslationisthereplacementoftextualmaterialinonelanguage(SL)byequivalenttextualmaterialinanotherlanguage(TL).J.C.Catfordconsidersthetranslationprocessastransferencewhichmeanstransplantsomeoftheoriginalmeaningtothetargetlanguage.Catfordisthefirstonetointroducetheterm“shift”

7、intotranslation.HefollowedtheFirthianandHallidayianlinguisticmodelandanalyzedlanguageascommunication,operatingfunctionallyincontextandonarangeoflevelsandranks.Shiftisdefinedasdeviationwhichcorrespondswithformoccursintheprocessofconversionofsourcelanguageintotargetlanguage.Andthenhe

8、dividedshiftsintotwokinds: