本科毕业设计中英文翻译建筑结构的成本

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1、TheCostofBuildingStructure1.IntroductionTheartofarchitecturaldesignwascharacterizedasoneofdealingcomprehensivelywithacomplexsetofphysicalandnonphysicaldesigndeterminants.Structuralconsiderationswerecastasimportantphysicaldeterminantsthatshouldbedealtwithinahierarchical

2、fashioniftheyaretohaveasignificantimpactonspatialorganizationandenvironmentalcontroldesignthinking.Theeconomicalaspectofbuildingrepresentsanonphysicalstructuralconsiderationthat,infinalanalysis,mustalsobeconsideredimportant.Costconsiderationsareincertainwaysaconstraint

3、tocreativedesign.Butthisneednotbeso.Ifsomethingisknownoftherelationshipbetweenstructuralandconstructivedesignoptionsandtheircostofimplementation,itisreasonabletobelievethatcreativitycanbeenhanced.Thishasbeenconfirmedbytheauthors’observationthatmostenhanced.Thishasbeenc

4、onfirmedbytheauthors’observationthatmostcreativedesigninnovationssucceedundercompetitivebiddingandnotbecauseofunusualowneraffluenceasthefewpublicizedcasesofextravagancemightleadonetobelieve.Onecouldevensaythatadesignerwhoistrulycreativewillproducearchitecturalexcellenc

5、ewithintheconstraintsofeconomy.Especiallytoday,wefindthatthereisaneedtorecognizethateleganceandeconomycanbecomesynonymousconcepts.Therefore,inthischapterwewillsetforthabriefexplanationoftheparametersofcostanalysisandthemeansbywhichdesignersmayevaluatetheoveralleconomic

6、implicationsoftheirstructuralandarchitecturaldesignthinking.Thecostofstructurealonecanbemeasuredrelativetothetotalcostofbuildingconstruction.Or,sincethetotalconstructioncostisbutapartofatotalprojectcost,onecouldincludeadditionalconsiderationforland(10～20percent),financ

7、eandinterest(100～200percent),taxesandmaintenancecosts(ontheorderof20percent).Butadiscussionoftheseso-calledarchitecturalcostsisbeyondthescopeofthisbook,andwewillfocusonthecostofconstructiononly.Ontheaverage,purelystructuralcostsaccountforabout25percentoftotalconstructi

8、oncosts,Thisissobecauseithasbeentraditionaltodiscriminatebetween16purelystructuralandotherso-calledarchitecturalcosts