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1、2012.06.09新托福阅读考题回顾考试日期2012.06.09Passage1Title:罐头的发展和铁路的发展大致内容有罐头技术的普及。刚开始的时候罐头刚发明，很多人不买账，因为价格太贵了而且不好打开，要用工具打开（有题），后来价格降低了，大家就接受了。后来说到railway,交通运输的发展，当铁路通到某处（Chicago等）的时候，它们代替了原来的一些东西。 英文原文阅读：【老托福96-01】类似保鲜技术的发展Asidefromperpetuatingitself,the sole purpos
2、eoftheAmericanAcademyandInstituteofArtsandLettersisto"foster,assistandsustainaninterest"inliterature,music,andart.Thisitdoesbyenthusiasticallyhandingoutmoney.Annualcashawardsaregiventodeservingartistsinvariouscategoriesofcreativity:architecture,musicalco
3、mposition,theater,novels,seriouspoetry,lightverse,painting,sculpture.Oneaward subsidizes apromisingAmericanwriter'svisittoRome.Thereisevenanawardforaverygoodworkoffictionthatfailedcommercially—oncewonbytheyoungJohnUpdikefor ThePoorhouseFair and,morerecen
4、tly,byAliceWalkerfor InLoveandTrouble Theawardsandprizestotalabout$750,000ayear,butmostofthemrangeinsizefrom$5,000to$12,500,awelcomesumtomanyyoungpractitionerswhoseworkmaynotbringinthatmuchmoneyinayear.Oneoftheadvantagesoftheawardsisthat many gotothestru
5、gglingartists,ratherthantothosewhoarealreadysuccessful. MembersoftheAcademyandInstitutearenoteligibleforanycashprizes.Another advantageisthat,unliketheNationalEndowmentfortheArtsorsimilarinstitutionsthroughouttheworld,thereisnogovernmentmoneyinvolved.Awa
6、rdsaremadebycommittee.Eachofthethreedepartments—Literature(120members),Art(83),Music(47)—hasacommitteedealingwithitsownfield.Committeemembership rotates everyyear,sothatnewvoicesandopinionsareconstantlyheard.ThemostfinanciallyrewardingofalltheAcademy-Ins
7、tituteawardsaretheMildredandHaroldStraussLivings.HaroldStrauss,adevotededitoratAlfredA.Knopf,theNewYorkpublishinghouse,andMildredStrauss,hiswife,werewealthyandchildless.TheylefttheAcademy-Instituteauniquebequest:forfiveconsecutiveyears,twodistinguished(a
8、ndfinanciallyneedy)writerswouldreceiveenoughmoneyso they coulddevotethemselvesentirelyto"proseliterature"(noplays,nopoetry,andnopayingjobthatmightdistract).In1983,thefirstStraussLivingsof$35,000ayearwenttoshort-storywriter
