欢迎来到天天文库
浏览记录
ID:41495123
大小:62.50 KB
页数:8页
时间:2019-08-26
《2011年理工B英语职称考试新增试题》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
2011年理工类职称英语教材新增文章下载阅读理解新增文章(共6篇)目录:第二篇(C级):WorldCrudeOilProductionMayPeakaDecadeEarlierThanSomePredict第六篇(C级):WeavingwithLight第三十四篇(B级):BatteriesBuiltbyViruses第三十八篇(B级):LongerLivesforWildElephants第四十五篇(A级):SomePeopleDoNotTasteSaltLikeOthers第四十六篇(A级):MarvelousMetamaterials 第三十四篇BatteriesBuiltbyViruses Whatdochickenpox,thecommoncold,theflu,andAIDShaveincommon?They'realldiseasecausedbyviruses,tinymicroorganismsthatcanpassfrompersontoperson.It’snowonder1thatwhenmostpeoplethinkaboutviruses,findingwaystosteerclearof2virusesiswhat'sonpeople'sminds. Noteveryonerunsfromthetinydiseasecarriers,though3.InCambridge,Massachusetts4,scientistshavediscoveredthatsomevirusescanbehelpfulinanunusualway.Theyareputtingvirusestowork,teachingthemtobuildsomeoftheworld’ssmallestrechargeablebatteries. Virusesandbatteriesmayseemlikeanunusualpair,butthey'renotsostrangeforengineerAngelaBelcher,whofirstcameupwith5theidea.AttheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)inCambridge,sheandhercollaboratorsbringtogetherdifferentareasofscienceinnewways.Inthecaseofthevirus-builtbatteries,thescientistscombinewhattheyknowaboutbiology,technologyandproductiontechniques. Belcher’steamincludesPaulaHammond,whohelpsputtogetherthetinybatteries,andYet-MingChiang,anexpertonhowtostoreenergyintheformofabattery."We'reworkingonthingswetraditionallydon’tassociatewithnature,"saysHammond. Manybatteriesarealreadyprettysmall.YoucanholdA,CandDbatteries6inyourhand.Thecoin-likebatteriesthatpowerwatchesareoftensmallerthanapenny.However,everyyear,newelectronicdeviceslikepersonalmusicplayersorcellphonesgetsmallerthantheyearbefore.Asthesedevicesshrink,ordinarybakerieswon’tbesmallenoughtofitinside. Theidealbatterywillstorealotofenergyinasmallpackage.Rightnow,Belcher’smodelbattery,ametallicdiskcompletelybuiltbyviruses,lookslikearegularwatchbattery.Butinside,itscomponentsareverysmall-sotinyyoucanonlyseethemwithapowerfulmicroscope. Howsmallarethesebatteryparts?Togetsomeideaofthesize,pluckonehairfromyourhead.Placeyourhaironapieceofwhitepaperandtrytoseehowwideyourhairis-prettythin,right?Althoughthewidth ofeachperson’shairisabitdifferent,youcouldprobablyfitabout10ofthesevirus-builtbatteryparts,sidetoside,acrossonehair.Thesemicrobatteriesmaychangethewaywelookatviruses7. 词汇: chickenpox水痘collaboratorn.合作者,协作者 microorganismn.微生物pluckv.拔,摘,采 metallicadj.金属的 注释: 1.nowonder:不足为奇的,难怪 2.steerclearof:避开,绕开 3.though:意思为“然而,可是”。在句中使用时通常放在句末。 4.Cambridge,Massachusetts:马萨诸塞州的剑桥市。本文第三段提到的theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)inCambridge即指坐落于剑桥市的麻省理工学院。麻省理工学院于1861年由著名自然科学家威廉·巴罗吉杰斯创立。这是美国的一所私立研究型大学,培养高级科技人才和管理人才,是以理工科为主的、世界一流的综合性大学。 5.cameupwith:提出 6.A,CandDbatteries:A、C、D均为电池型号。 7.Thesemicrobatteriesmaychangethewaywelookatviruses:这些微型电池可能会改变我们看待病毒的方式。作者想表达的意思是:人们一直认为病毒有害无益,现在病毒可用来制作电池,人们对病毒的看法可能会因此而发生变化。 练习: 1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peopletryto A.killmicroorganismsrelatedtochickenpox,theflu,etc. B.keepthemselvesawayfromvirusesbecausetheyareinvisible. C.stayawayfromvirusesbecausetheyarecausesofvariousdiseases. D.curethemselvesofvirus-relateddiseasesbytakingmedicines. 2.WhatisBelcher’steamdoingatpresent? A.Itisfindingwaystogetridofviruses.. B.Itismass-producingmicrobatteries. C.Itismakingbatterieswithviruses. D.Itisanalyzingvirusgenes. 3.Whatexpressionbelowisoppositeinmeaningtotheword"shrink"appearinginparagraph5? A.Broaden. B.Spread. C.Extend. D.Expand. 4.WhichofthefollowingistrueofBelcher’sbatterymentionedinparagraph6? A.Itismadeofmetal. B.Itisakindofwatchbattery. C.Itcanonlybeseenwithamicroscope. D.Itisametallicdiskwithvirusesinsideit. 5.Howtinyisonebatterypart? A.Itswidthisonetonthofahair. B.Itequalsthewidthofahair. C.Itisasthinasapieceofpaper. D.Itswidthistootinytomeasure. 答案与题解: 1.C短文第一段的大致意思是,许多疾病都由病毒引起,诸如水痘、感冒和艾滋病,所以人们想尽办法躲避病毒。这是C所表达的意思。A不是正确选择,因为文章并没有说人们想方设法去杀死病毒。B的后半句的内容(病毒肉眼看不见)和D的内容(吃药治疗病毒引起的疾病)文中没有提到。 2.C短文的第二段明确提供了答案。 3.D根据上下文,shrink在此的意思是“收缩",即“缩小"。所以,它的反义词是expand(增大,扩张)。C不是正确选择,因为extend的意思是becomelonger,即“延伸”或“加长"。A的意思是“加宽”,也不是答案。B的意思是“伸展,展开",在一定的上下文里也可以做shrink的反义词,但在第五段这个语境里,B不是最佳选择。 4.D第六段第二句中提到的metallicdisk是指“金属圆盘”,它是微型电池的外形,其内部是由病毒构成的电池部件。微型电池不是由金属组成的,所以A不是答案。本段提到,这种电池lookslikearegularwatchbattery,与手表里电池外形相似,但并不等同手表电池,所以B也不是正确选择。文章只是说电池的部件(但并没有说整个电池)小到只能用显微镜才能看到,所以C也不是正确的选择。D才是第六段所要表达的主要内容,因此是答案。 5.A短文最后一段的第四句(“youcouldprobablyfitabout10ofthesevirus-builtbatteryparts,sidetoside,acrossonehair”)提供了本题的答案 第三十八篇LongerLivesforWildElephants Mostpeoplethinkofzoosassafeplacesforanimals,wherestrugglessuchasdifficultyfindingfoodandavoidingpredatorsdon’texist.Withoutsuchproblems,animalsinzoosshouldlivetoaripeoldage1. Butthatmaynotbetruefor2thelargestlandanimalsonEarth.Scientistshaveknownthatelephantsinzoosoftensufferfrompoorhealth.Theydevelopdiseases,jointproblemsandbehaviorchanges.Sometimes,theyevenbecomeinfertile,orunabletohavebabies. Tolearnmoreabouthowcaptivityaffectselephants,ateamofinternationalscientistscomparedthelifespansoffemaleelephantsborninzooswithfemaleelephantslivingoutdoorsintheirnativelands.Zooskeepdetailedrecordsofalltheanimalsintheircare,documentingfactorssuchasbirthdates,illnesses,weightanddeath.Theserecordsmadeitpossibleformeresearcherstoanalyze40yearsofdataon800AfricanandAsianelephantsinzoosacrossEurope.Thescientistscomparedthelifespansofthezoo-bornelephantswiththelifespansofthousandsof femalewildelephantsinAfricaandAsianelephantsthatworkinloggingcamps3,overapproximatelythesametimeperiod. TheteamfoundthatfemaleAfricanelephantsborninzooslivedanaverageof16.9years.Theirwildcounterpartswhodiedofnaturalcauseslivedanaverageof56years-morethanthreetimesaslong.FemaleAsianelephantsfollowedasimilarpattern.Inzoos,theylived18.9years,whilethoseintheloggingcampslived41.7years. Scientistsdon'tyetknowwhywildelephantsseemtofaresomuchbetterthantheirzoo-raisedcounterparts.GeorgiaMason,abiologistattheUniversityofGuelphinCanadawholedthestudy,thinksstressandobesitymaybetoblame4.Zooelephantsdon'tgetthesamekindofexercisetheywouldinthewild,andmostareveryfat.Elephantsociallivesarealsomuchdifferentinzoosthaninthewild,wheretheyliveinlargeherdsandfamilygroups. AnotherfindingfromthestudyshowedthatAsianelephantsborninzoosweremorelikelytodieearlythanAsianelephantscapturedinthewildandbroughttozoos.Masonsuggestsstressinthemothersinzoosmightcausethemtohavebabiesthatarelesslikelytosurvive. Thestudyraisessomequestionsaboutacquiringmoreelephantstokeepinzoos.Whilesomethreatenedandendangeredspecieslivinginzoosreproducesuccessfullyandmaintainhealthypopulations,thatdoesn'tappeartobethecasewithelephants."Currently,zoosarenetconsumersofelephants,notnetproducers,"Masonsays. 词汇: predatorn.食肉动物captivity/n.监禁;束缚 ripeadj.成熟的farev.过活,生活 infertileadj.不生育的obesityn.过度肥胖;肥胖症 注释: 1.1ivetoaripeoldage:这是一种固定用法,意思是livetoanagethatisconsideredtobevery old(长寿,高寿)。 2.betruefor:或者betrueof:对……适用。短文中第二段第一句:Butthatmaynotbetruefor thelargestlandanimalsonEarth.这里,作为主语的that指的是第一段所陈述的内容。这个句子要传达的意思是:动物园对其他动物来说是一个安栖之地,而对大象来说却不然。 3.loggingcamps:伐木场。Logging作为名词,意思是:伐木业。 4.stressandobesitymaybetoblame:压力和肥胖是问题的根源。betoblame:该受责备,应承担责任。 练习: 1.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,unlikeotherzooanimals,zooelephants A.havedifficultyeatingfood. B.1ivetoaripeoldage. C.arenotafraidofpredators. D.develophealthproblems. 2.Whichofthefollowingabouttheinternationalscientists'researchonthelifespansofelephantsisNOTtrue?(Seeparagraph3)? A.Theycomparedzooelephantswithwildelephants. B.Theykeptdetailedrecordsofalltheelephantsintheircare. C.Theyanalyzedtherecordsoftheelephantskeptinzoos. D.Thezoo-bornelephantstheystudiedarekeptinEuropeanzoos. 3.Whatdothescientistfindintheirresearch? A.Femaleelephantslivelongerthanmaleelephants. B.Femalezooelephantslivelongerthantheirwildcounterparts. C.Femalezooelephantsdiemuchearlierthantheirwildcounterparts. D.Elephantsinzoosandthoseinthewildenjoythesamelonglifespans. 4.WhatarethepossiblecausesofstressandobesityZoo-raisedelephantsgenerallysufferfrom? A.Theydonotlikelivinginherds. B.Theydonotgetenoughexercise. C.Theydonotlivewiththeirfamilies. D.BothBandC. 5.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorsuggestinthelastparagraph7? A.Itmaynotbeawisepolicytokeepelephantsinthezoo. B.Elephantsarenolongeranendangeredspecies. C.Zoo-bornelephantsshouldbelookedaftermorecarefully. D.Zoosshouldkeepmoreanimalsexceptelephants. 答案与题解: 1.D短文的第一段告诉我们,人们通常认为动物园内的动物没有猎食的困难,也不受其他猎食动物的威胁,所以一般寿命较长。但第一段并没有提及大象。第二段则说,动物园内的大象却不然,它们面临很多健康问题。所以,除了D以外,其他选项均不符合这两段内容。 2.B第三段告诉我们,动物园,而不是这些研究人员,保存了所有园内动物的详细相关信息。所以应该选择B。其他三个选项均能在该段中找到相关内容。 3.C短文的第四段提供了答案。该段告诉我们,野生的雌性大象的平均寿命是动物园里的雌性大象平均寿命的3倍还多。 4.D短文的第五段提供了答案。该段第三句的意思是:动物园里的大象不像野生大象那样活动,因此非常肥胖。他们也不像野生大象那样过着群居的生活,即liveinherdsandfamilygroups。 5.A短文通篇陈述了大象在动物园内的生存问题,最后一段是全文的总结。该段第一句指出,对动物园大象的研究向人们提出了一个问题:是否应该将更多的大象关进动物园。该段还重复了第一、第二段的观点:其他动物在动物园能够很好地繁衍生息,而大象却不能。所以,A是正确选择。B、C、D均没有在文中被提及完型填空新增文章(共3篇) 目录:第三篇(C级):WhatIsCoolestGasintheUniversr?第十二篇(B级):SmokingCanIncreaseDepressiveSymptomsinTeens第十五篇(A级):YoungAdultsWhoExerciseGetHigherIQScores 第十二篇SmokingCanIncreaseDepressiveSymptomsinTeens Whilesometeenagersmaypuffoncigarettesto“self-medicate”againsttheblues,scientistsattheUniversityofToronto1andtheUniversityofMontreal2havefoundthatsmokingmayactually(1)depressivesymptomsinsometeens. “Thisobservationalstudyisoneofthefewtoexaminetheperceived(2)benefitsofsmokingamongteens,"saysleadresearcherMichaelChaiton,aresearchassociate3attheOntarioTobaccoResearchUnitoftheUniversityofToronto.“(3)cigarettesmayappeartohaveself-medicating(4)ortoimprovemood,inthelongterm4wefoundthatteenswhostartedtosmokereported5higherdepressivesymptoms." Aspartofthestudy,some662highschoolteenagerscompletedupto20questionnaires(5)theiruseofcigarettestoaffectmood.SecondaryschoolswereselectedtoprovideamixofFrenchandEnglishparticipants,urbanandruralschools,andschools(6)inhigh,moderateandlowsocioeconomicneighbourhoods6. Participantsweredividedintothree(7):neversmokers;smokerswhodidnotusecigarettestoself-medicate,improvemoodorphysical(8);smokerswhousedcigarettestoself-medicate.Depressivesymptomsweremeasuredusingascalethataskedhowoftenparticipantsfelttootiredtodothings;had(9)goingtosleeporstaying(10);feltunhappy,sad,ordepressed;felthopelessaboutthefuture;feltvexed,antsyortense;andworriedtoomuchaboutthings. "Smokerswhousedcigarettesasmood(11)hadhigherrisksofelevateddepressivesymptomsthanteenswhohadneversmoked,"saysco-researcherJenniferO’Loughlin,aprofessorattheUniversityofMontrealDepartmentofSocialandPreventiveMedicine7.“Ourstudyfoundthatteensmokerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingareathigherriskof(12)depressivesymptoms.” The(13)betweendepressionandsmokingexists(14)amongteensthatusecigarettestofeelbetter.“It’s(15)toemphasizethatdepressivesymptomscores8werehigheramongteenagerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingaftertheybegantosmoke,”saysDr.Chaiton. 词汇: puffv.遇到antsyadj.坐立不安的,烦躁的 self-medicatev.自我治疗bluesn.抑郁 vexedadj.烦虑的 注释: 1.theUniversityofToronto:(加拿大)多伦多大学 2.theUniversityofMontreal:(加拿大)蒙特利尔大学 3.researchassociate:助理研究员 4.inthelongterm:从长远看 5.reported:用的是主动态,是自我“报告”的意思。研究人员用问卷的方式进行调查。被调查的青少年自我填写问题的答案。 6.High,moderateand,lowsocioeconomicneighbourhoods:高档、中档和低档社区 7.theUniversityofMontrealDepartmentofSocialandPreventiveMedicine:蒙特利尔大学社会和预防医学系。此处theUniversityofMontreal是定语,修饰DepartmentofSocialandPreventiveMedicine。 8.scores:得分。指问卷的统计数字。 练习: 1·AexamineBincreaseCdecreaseDdiagnose 2·AsocialBfinancialCemotionalDpolitical 3.AWhateverBAlthoughCWheneverDwhat 4·AeffectsBmethodsCstepsDdirections 5.AbesideBbeyondCinDabout 6.AexposedBexpandedClocatedDdetected 7·AgroupsBsetsCspeciesDversions 8·AworldBactivityCstateDbeauty 9·AtimeBcourageCenergyDtrouble 10.AasleepBawakeCstillDsilent l1.AreducersBimproversCcreatorsDremovers l2·AchangingBidentifyingCdevelopingDovercoming 13.AdifferenceBassociationCcooperationDagreement l4·AoccasionallyBscarcelyCprobablyDprincipally 15Aillogical.BunscientificCmeaninglessDimportant 答案与题解: 1.B本文的重点是介绍借抽烟缓解抑郁情绪的青少年到后来他们的depressivesymptoms(抑郁症状)反而加重了。第二、第五、第六段都明确提到这一点。所以B(increase)是答案。其他三个选项的词义与上下文的意思搭不上。 2.C抽烟缓解抑郁是一种情绪上(emotional)的得益,不会是social(社会上的)、financial(经济上的)或polotical(政治上的)得益。所以答案是C。 3.B空格所在的句子虽然缺字,意思还是清楚的,前半句的意思与后半句的意思是相反的。前半句说香烟看上去有助于改善心情,后半句说从长远角度看,depressivesymptoms的风险反而会增加。四个选项中只有选项B的Although能将前半句和后半句连接起来,并赋予“让步"的意思o 4.A句中的or是“即”,也就是说,tohaveself-medicating加上填入的词之后的意思相当于toimprovemood。四个选项中只有选项A的effects(效果)是填人空格的最合适的词。toimprovemood是自我治疗的效果。其他三个选项methods、steps、directions与self-medicating连用,意思分别为“自我治疗的方法"、“自我治疗的步骤”、“自我治疗的指导”,与句子的意思不相配。 5.D本题要填人的词是介词。分析下来,theiruseofcigarettestoaffectmood应该是questionnaire(问卷)所要了解的内容。所以,about是正确的选择。 6.C.科学家在选择问卷对象时注意了代表性,人选的青少年既有讲法语的,也有讲英语的,他们就读的学校有城市的,也有农村的。接下来的问题是:在schools和inhigh,moderateandlowsocioeconomicneighbourhoods(高档社区、中档社区和低档社区)之间选哪个词才符合上下文的意思呢?很明显,这些学校有位于高档社区的,也有位于中档和低档社区的。所以选项C的located是答案。 7.A本句的意思很明显,问卷的参与者被分成三组或三类。groups是正确的选择。再看其他三个选项:threesets是“三套",threespecies是“三个物种”,threeversions是“三个版本”,没有一个是合适的。“ 8.C科学家将参与者分成三组,其中一组的参与者不采用吸烟作为自我调节情绪的手段。填人的词应与情绪、身体等有关,荇选A、B、D,组成的词组physicalworld(物质世界)、physicalactivity(体育活动)、physicalbeauty(形态美)均与上文的意思接不上,所以A、B、D不会是答案。由C的state组成的词组physicalstate(身体状况)与上文的意思连贯。因此C是答案。 9.D本段介绍了问卷包含的问题。作者罗列的问题都是负面的,如乏力、失眠、烦躁等。所以填入空格的词也应该是负面的。trouble符合这个要求,是本题的答案。. 10.A第九题选了trouble,空格所在的句子是“…hadtroublegoingtosleeporstaying”。or是“即"的意思,也就是说,hadtroublegoingtosleep意思上就相当于staying。根据这一判断,填入空格的词非awake莫属。 11.B。第一段和第二段都说到,抽烟缓解抑郁心情最终导致更抑郁。本句“Smokerswhousedcigarettesasmoodhadhigherrisksofelevateddepressivesymptomsthanteenswhohadneversmoked”表达的是同样的意思。文章第二段和第三段都出现improvemood,所以,mood后面要填入的词应该是improvers。选项A、C、D的意义均不符合上下文。 12.C本句又重复了上题所表达的意思。只有developing的意义才符合上下文,因此是答案。ehlonpgin;是zdepression掣燃某妻薹害磊曼徽 13.B从上下文判断,本句指的是depression和smoking之间的联系,不会是它们之间的差异(difference)、合作(cooperation)或一致性(agreement)。Association的词义是“联系”,所以是答案。 14.D调查的对象是青少年,所以不可能是occasionally(偶尔)、scarcely(几乎不)或probably(很可能)在青少年之中,而是principally(主要)在青少年之中。 15.D从通篇文章判断,“toemphasizethatdepressivesymptomscoreswerehigheramongteenagerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingaftertheybegantosmoke"是做这项调查的发现和绪论,作者说出这一点,只会认为很重要(important),不会认为不合乎逻辑(illogical),不科学(unscientific)或没有意义(meaningless)。所以,important是答案。
此文档下载收益归作者所有
举报原因
联系方式
详细说明
内容无法转码请点击此处