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1、(A)第十三篇AffectionateAndroidsComputersarenowpowerfulenoughtoallowtheageofhumanoidrobotstodawnl.Anditwon'tbelongbeforewewillseerealisticcybercompanions,completewithskin,dexterity,andintelligence.Theywillbeprogrammedtotendtoyoureveryneed.Willweeverwanttomarryrobots?Artificialintell
2、igeneeresearcherDavidLevyhaspublishedabookclaiminghuman-robotrelationshipswillbecomepopularinthenextfewdecades.1Willhumansreallybeabletoformdeepemotionalattachmentstomachines?Itwill,infact,berelativelyeasytoformthesestrongattachmentsbecausethehumanmindlovestoanthropomorphize:to
3、givehumanattributestoothercreatures——evenobjects・Forexample,researchersinSanDiegorecentlyputasmallhumanoidrobotinwithatoddlerplaygroupforseveralmonths・2Thechildrenendeduptreatingitasafellowtoddler.Whenitlaydownbecauseitsbatterieswereflat,thekidsevencovereditwithablanket.Inafewd
4、ecades,whenhumanoidrobotswithplasticskinlookandfeelveryreal,willpeoplewanttoformrelationshipswiththem?Whatifthebotscouldholdaconversation?Andbeprogrammedtobetheperfectcompanions—soulmates,even?3Andlikethosetoddlersintheexperiment,theywillbeveryacceptingofthem・Thenextquestion,th
5、en,iswhetherthereisanythingwrongwithhavinganemotionalrelationshipwithamachine.Eventodaytherearepeoplewhoformdeepattachmentstotheirpetsandusethemassubstitutesforfriendsorevenchildren.Fewconsiderthatunethical.4Forthosewhoalwaysseemtoendupmarryingthewrongmanorwoman,aroboticMr.orMs
6、.Rightcouldbemightytempting.Asthefatherofartificialintelligenee,MarvinMinsky,putitwhenaskedabouttheethicsoflonelyolderpeopleformingcloserelationshipswithrobots:“Ifarobothadallthevirtuesofapersonandwassmarterandmoreunderstanding,whywouldtheelderlybothertalkingtoothergrumpyoldpeo
7、ple?nArobotcouldbeprogrammedtobeasdumborsmart,asindependentorsubservient,asanownerdesired・Andthat'sthebigdisadvantage.Havingtheperfectrobotpartnerwilldamagetheabilitytoformequallydeephuman・humanrelationships・Peoplewillalwaysseemimperfectincomparison.Whenyou'rebehavingbadly,agoo
8、dfriendwilltellyou.5Peopleinrelationshipshavetolearnto
