农业保险的再思考【外文翻译】

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1、本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目：CROPINSURANCERECONSIDERED出处：Amer.J.Agr.Econ.作者：JOSEPHW.GLAUBERCROPINSURANCERECONSIDEREDJOSEPHW.GLAUBERDuringthelate1980sandearly1990s,therewasmuchdebateoverhowtofixwhatwereperceivedasthe“failures”oftheFederalcropinsuranceprogram.TheFederalCropInsuranceImpro

2、vementActof1980madecropinsurancetheprimaryformofdisasterprotectionforagriculturalproducers,replacingastandingdisasterassistanceprogramwithsubsidizedcropinsurance.Toencouragesales,privatecompanieswereenlistedtodelivertheproductandsignificantlyshareintheunderwritingrisks.Al

3、mostovernight,thecropinsuranceprogramwasconvertedfromapilotprogramofferinglimitedcoveragetoalimitednumberofcropsnationwide,toanationwideprogramcoveringmostmajorfieldcropsinmostmajorgrowingregions.Theperceivedfailuresofcropinsuranceweremany.Atthetimeofpassageofthe1980Act,C

4、ongressenvisionedaparticipationrateapproaching50%ofeligibleacresbytheendofthedecade.Despitepremiumsubsidiesandexpandedcoverage,cropinsuranceparticipationgrewveryslowly.WhenamajordroughtstrucktheMidwestin1988,only25%ofeligibleacreagewasenrolledintheprogramnationwideandpart

5、icipationwasevenlessinstatessuchasIllinoisandIndiana(Chite).WidespreadcroplossesandpoorparticipationintheinsuranceprogrampromptedCongresstopasssupplementaldisasterlegislationthroughoutthedecadeincludingalmost$5billionindisasterassistancetocovercroplossesin1988and1989alone

6、(GlauberandCollins).Inadditiontoitsfailuretoreplacedisasterassistance,theactuarialperformanceofthecropinsuranceprogramwasdismalthroughoutthe1980sandearly1990s.Theaggregatelossratio,thatis,totalindemnitiesdividedbytotalpremiums(includingpremiumsubsidies),exceeded150%over19

7、81–93.Pooractuarialperformancewasblamedonexpansionofcoverageintonewareaswithouthavingadequatedatatorateriskswhichcontributedtoadverseselectionproblemsandthedifficultyinmonitoringproducerbehaviorwhichcontributedtomoralhazardissues(U.S.GeneralAccountingOffice1993).Finally,d

8、espitelargeactuariallosses,companiessharedlittleoftheunderwritingrisks.Over1981–90,totalindemnit