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1、写作的四个层次:1・shortandbrokenManypeoplearepoorandhunger.2.short,correct,butcolorless・Manypeoplearepoorandhungry.4.long,correctandcolorful.Atragedyinthecontemporarysocietyisthatamultitudeofpeopleseverelysufferedfromextremepovertyanddreadfulstarvation.口红原则:1、并列无处不在2、修饰无处不在Exercis
2、e:Theshortageofwaterresourcesisresultedfromthepopulationgrowth.Theincreasinglyseriousshortageofwaterresourcesisascribetothedramaticallysoaringpopulationandthedemandaswellaspollutionfromtheboomingindustry.ArgumentWhatislogicalfallacy?题目包括:1・evidencesfacts2.Conclusionwhatsho
3、ulddoSo,therefore,thus,should...Whatismore...assumptionExplicit…goodorbadImplicit■一UnderlyingfactorFallacy:theproblemwithintheseassumptionsFl:surveyandstatistics(例题P154.235)特征:1、有调查词语2、有百分比3、有看似“多”的虚幻数据4、结论來源于某一个或少量的研究三个分析点:1.samplesize・2.Selectionprocedure・2.Credibilityan
4、dreliability.1)问卷方式,是否匿名或利益相关2)发放和冋收,冋收比例问题3)问卷设计,选项是杏deceptive,misleadingandgeneralOrganization1、TS指出大体上的错误2、分论点ss/sp/cr3、每个分论点后跟一个削弱题目观点的可能性例子4、总结TS1.Tobeginwith,athresholdproblem/flaw/fallacyconcerns/isconcerning(作夕卜词)/involves/isinvolvingthesurvey・2.Themethodologyinthe
5、surveyisproblematicintwoaspects・Conelusionsentense1.Therefore,lackingamoredetailedinformationconcerning(力口批判点),thisargumentisweakened/undermined/sabotagedbythissurvey・1.Accordingly,unlesstheauthorconcretely/furtherdemonstratesthat…,itisgroundless/invalidforhimtoconcludetha
6、t...2.Afteracareful/scrupulous/meticulousanalysis/scrutiny,thereliability/credibilityneedstobecalledintoquestion.Body1.Firstly,.../Moreover..../Further^../Inaddition2.0ntheonehand,...;ontheother...句子改写:Samplesizel.Theauthordoesn!ttellusthesamplesize,thesamplesizemaybetoosm
7、all;itcannotrepresentalltheresidents.Firstly,theauthor(failstoinformusof)/(providesnoconcreteinformationconcerning)thesamplesize,whichmaybefarfromsufficientandcannotrepresentalltheresidents・Ifthereareonly200respondentsselectedinthissurvey,theconclusionisabsolutely/statisti
8、callymeaningless/pointless.Selectionprocedure2.Secondly,theauthordoesn'tmentiontheselecti