Measurement and Instrumentation Principles, 3rd Edition

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1、MeasurementandInstrumentationPrinciplesToJane,NicolaandJuliaMeasurementandInstrumentationPrinciplesAlanS.MorrisOXFORDAUCKLANDBOSTONJOHANNESBURGMELBOURNENEWDELHIButterworth-HeinemannLinacreHouse,JordanHill,OxfordOX28DP225WildwoodAvenue,Woburn,MA01801-2041

2、AdivisionofReedEducationalandProfessionalPublishingLtdAmemberoftheReedElsevierplcgroupFirstpublished2001AlanS.Morris2001Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedinanymaterialform(includingphotocopyingorstoringinanymediumbyelectronicmeansa

3、ndwhetherornottransientlyorincidentallytosomeotheruseofthispublication)withoutthewrittenpermissionofthecopyrightholderexceptinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988orunderthetermsofalicenceissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgencyLt

4、d,90TottenhamCourtRoad,London,EnglandW1P9HE.ApplicationsforthecopyrightholderswrittenpermissiontoreproduceanypartofthispublicationshouldbeaddressedtothepublishersBritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataAcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBriti

5、shLibraryISBN0750650818Typesetin10/12ptTimesRomanbyLaserWords,Madras,IndiaPrintedandboundinGreatBritainContentsPrefacexviiAcknowledgementsxxPart1:PrinciplesofMeasurement11INTRODUCTIONTOMEASUREMENT31.1Measurementunits31.2Measurementsystemapplications61.3E

6、lementsofameasurementsystem81.4Choosingappropriatemeasuringinstruments92INSTRUMENTTYPESANDPERFORMANCECHARACTERISTICS122.1Reviewofinstrumenttypes122.1.1Activeandpassiveinstruments122.1.2Null-typeanddeflection-typeinstruments132.1.3Analogueanddigitalinstrum

7、ents142.1.4Indicatinginstrumentsandinstrumentswithasignaloutput152.1.5Smartandnon-smartinstruments162.2Staticcharacteristicsofinstruments162.2.1Accuracyandinaccuracy(measurementuncertainty)162.2.2Precision/repeatability/reproducibility172.2.3Tolerance172

8、.2.4Rangeorspan182.2.5Linearity192.2.6Sensitivityofmeasurement192.2.7Threshold202.2.8Resolution202.2.9Sensitivitytodisturbance202.2.10Hysteresiseffects222.2.11Deadspace232.3Dynamiccharacteristicsofinstruments23viContents2.