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1、Author:CollinsQianReviewer:BrianBilellobcBainMathMarch1998Copyright©1998Bain&Company,Inc.1CU7112997ECABainMathAgendaBasicmathFinancialmathStatisticalmath2CU7112997ECABainMathAgendaBasicmathratioproportionpercentinflationforeignexchangegraphingFinancialmathStatisticalmath3CU7112997ECABainMath
2、RatioDefinition:Application:Note:TheratioofAtoBiswrittenorA:BABAratiocanbeusedtocalculatepriceperunit(),giventhetotalrevenueandtotalunitsPriceUnittotalrevenue=Given:==Answer:PriceUnit$9MM1.5MMThemathforratiosissimple.Identifyingarelevantunitcanbechallengingtotalunits=price/unit=$9.0MM1.5MM$?
3、$6.04CU7112997ECABainMathProportionDefinition:IftheratioofAtoBisequaltotheratioofCtoD,thenAandBareproportionaltoCandD.Application:=ItfollowsthatAxD=BxCABCDRevenue=SG&A=Given:$135MM$83MM$270MM$?19961999Answer:$135MM$270MM$83MM$?135MMx?=83MMx270MM83MMx270MM135MM=Theconceptofproportioncanbeused
4、toprojectSG&Acostsin1999,givenrevenuein1996,SG&Acostsin1996,andrevenuein1999(assumingSG&Aandrevenuein1999areproportionaltoSG&Aandrevenuein1996)?==$166MM5CU7112997ECABainMathPercentDefinition:Apercentage(abbreviated“percent”)isaconvenientwaytoexpressaratio.Literally,percentagemeans“per100.”Ap
5、plication:Inpercentageterms,0.25=25per100or25%InherfirstyearatBain,anAClogged7,000frequentfliermilesbyflyingtoherclient.Inhersecondyear,shelogged25,000miles.Whatisthepercentageincreaseinmiles?Given:ApercentagecanbeusedtoexpressthechangeinanumberfromonetimeperiodtothenextAnswer:-1=3.57-1=2.57
6、=257%25,0007,000%change==-1newvalue-originalvalueoriginalvaluenewvalueoriginalvalueTheratioof5to20isor0.255206CU7112997ECABainMathInflation-DefinitionsIfanitemcost$1.00in1997andcost$1.03in1998,inflationwas3%from1997to1998.Theitemisnotintrinsicallymorevaluablein1998-thedollarislessvaluableWhe
7、ncalculatingthe“real”growthofadollarfigureovertime(e.g.,revenuegrowth,unitcostgrowth),itisnecessarytosubtractouttheeffectsofinflation.Inflationarygrowthisnot“real”growthbecauseinflationdoesnotcreateintrinsicvalue.Definition:Apricedeflatorisameasure
