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1、NanoscaleResLett(2010)5:15251534DOI10.1007/s11671-010-9728-5NANOREVIEWHollowNanostructuredAnodeMaterialsforLi-IonBatteriesJunLiu•DongfengXueReceived:28July2010/Accepted:2August2010/Publishedonline:13August2010ÓTheAuthor(s)2010.ThisarticleispublishedwithopenaccessatSpringerlink.comAbstractHo
2、llownanostructuredanodematerialslieatCO2emissionsarisingfromtransportation.ALi-ionbatterytheheartofresearchrelatingtoLi-ionbatteries,whichismainlycomposedofananode(negative),acathoderequirehighcapacity,highratecapability,andhighsafety.(positive),anelectrolyte,andaseparator(Fig.1).PreviousTh
3、ehighercapacityandhigherratecapabilityforhollowstudieshaveshowedthattherearetwocategoriesofcathodenanostructuredanodematerialsthanthatforthebulkmaterials[1].Onecompriseslayeredcompoundswithancounterpartscanbeattributedtotheirhighersurfacearea,anionclose-packedlattice;transitionmetalcationso
4、ccupy?shorterpathlengthforLitransport,andmorefreedomforalternatelayersbetweentheanionsheetsandlithiumionsvolumechange,whichcanreducetheoverpotentialandareintercalatedintoremainingemptylayers.Thiskindofallowbetterreactionkineticsattheelectrodesurface.InelectrodematerialsincludesLiCoO2,LiNi1-
5、xCoxO2,LiM-thisarticle,wereviewrecentresearchactivitiesonhollownO2andLiNiO2.ThesecondgroupofcathodematerialshasnanostructuredanodematerialsforLi-ionbatteries,moreopenstructure,suchasvanadiumoxides(e.g.V2O5),includingcarbonmaterials,metals,metaloxides,andtheirthetunnelcompoundsofmanganeseoxi
6、des(e.g.MnO2)hybridmaterials.Themajorgoalofthisreviewistoandtransitionmetalphosphates(e.g.theolivineLiFePO4).highlightsomerecentprogressesinusingthesehollowTheanodematerialsincludeinsertion-typematerials(suchnanomaterialsasanodematerialstodevelopLi-ionbat-ascarbonmaterials,Li4Ti5O12,TiO2),c
7、onversion-typeterieswithhighcapacity,highratecapability,andexcellentmaterials(suchascobaltoxides,ironoxides,nickeloxides),cyclingstability.andalloying-typematerials(suchasSn,Si,Ge)[1].Theelectrolytesaregoodionicconductorsandelectronicinsu-KeywordsLi-ionb
