WTO规则中英文教程第十四章WTO关于卫生与植物检疫措施适用规则

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1、第十四章WTO关于卫生与植物检疫措施适用规则WTOSPSRules一、WTO关于卫生与植物检疫措施适用规则在国际贸易中，一些WTO成员借口保护人类、动物或植物的生命或健康、保护生态平衡，设置了一些不合理的检疫措施和标准，严重地影响了国际贸易的正常发展。为此WTO制定了关于卫生与植物检疫措施的适用规则。这些规则体现于WTO《实施卫生与植物检疫措施协定》(AgreementontheApplicationofSanitaryandPhytosanitaryMeasures,SPSAgreement）中。[1]Thereare14articlesand3annexesinS

2、PSAgreement.一、SPS的宗旨Howdoyouensurethatyourcountry’sconsumersarebeingsuppliedwithfoodthatissafetoeat—“safe”bythestandardsyouconsiderappropriate?Andatthesametime,howcanyouensurethatstricthealthandsafetyregulationsarenotbeingusedasanexcuseforprotectingdomesticproducers?Anagreementonhowgove

3、rnmentscanapplyfoodsafetyandanimalandplanthealthmeasures(sanitaryandphytosanitaryorSPSmeasures)setsoutthebasicrulesintheWTO.(Tobecontinued)Itallowscountriestosettheirownstandards.Butitalsosaysregulationsmustbebasedonscience.Theyshouldbeappliedonlytotheextentnecessarytoprotecthuman,anima

4、lorplantlifeorhealth.Andtheyshouldnotarbitrarilyorunjustifiablydiscriminatebetweencountrieswhereidenticalorsimilarconditionsprevail.二、基本目标ThebasicaimoftheSPSAgreementistomaintainthesovereignrightofanygovernmenttoprovidethelevelofhealthprotectionitdeemsappropriate,buttoensurethatthesesov

5、ereignrightsarenotmisusedforprotectionistpurposesanddonotresultinunnecessarybarrierstointernationaltrade.三、卫生与植物检疫措施的内涵卫生与植物检疫措施是指用于下列目的的任何措施：(a)toprotectanimalorplantlifeorhealthwithintheterritoryoftheMemberfromrisksarisingfromtheentry,establishmentorspreadofpests,diseases,disease-carr

6、yingorganismsordisease-causingorganisms;（1）消除虫害、病害、带病有机体或致病有机体的传入、生长或传播所产生的风险，以保护WTO成员境内的动物或植物的生命或健康；(b)toprotecthumanoranimallifeorhealthwithintheterritoryoftheMemberfromrisksarisingfromadditives,contaminants,toxinsordisease-causingorganismsinfoods,beveragesorfeedstuffs;（2）消除食品、饮料或饲料中的

7、添加剂、污染物、毒素或致病有机体所产生的风险，以保护WTO成员境内的人或动物的生命或健康；(c)toprotecthumanlifeorhealthwithintheterritoryoftheMemberfromrisksarisingfromdiseasescarriedbyanimals,plantsorproductsthereof,orfromtheentry,establishmentorspreadofpests;（3）消除动物、植物或动植物产品携带的病害，或虫害的传入、生长或传播所产生的风险，以保护成员境内的人的生命或健康；(d)to