The“SecondGeneration”“第二代”

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1、The“SecondGeneration”GlobalizationandEnvironmentalManagement2ndGeneration?ThisisatermcoinedbyProf.LyntonCaldwelltodescribethedifferencebetweenpastenvproblems,andfutureonesFirst-GenerationProblemswerethosethatcouldbehandledattheNationallevelSuchastheEPA,CleanWater

2、Act,CleanAirAct,etc.2ndGeneration“SecondGenerationProblems”arethosethatcannotbeeffectivelyhandledatthelevelofthestate—itisjustnotbigenoughGlobalProblems,forinstance,headthislist.Therearemanyglobalproblems,bynomeansallofthemareenvironmental2ndGenerationEnvironment

3、alProblems#1hastobeGlobalAtmosphericChange2ndGenerationEnvironmentalProblemsBriefly,theEnvironmental2ndGenerationProblemsare:ClimateChange—withitsmanydifferenteffectsChangesinthedistributionofdiseasesandtheglobalspreadofmutantdiseasesRisingSeaLevelHowdowehandleth

4、esenow?Bytryingtofindsomewayfor200countriestoworktogetherThispitsnationalinterestsagainstglobalinterests,justlikewepitindividualinterestsagainstcollectiveinterest.ThesumofallstateinterestsisnotnecessarilyglobalmanagementWerelyonTreatiesforcooperativeaction.HowEff

5、ectiveareExistingMethodsSometimestheyworkbecauseallstatesperceiveittobeintheirinterestthatitshouldwork.Example:OzoneTreatyHowEffectiveareExistingMethodsHowever,theKyotoProtocolonCarbonDioxideisadisasterbecausecountries,includingtheUSandAustraliathinkitputsthemata

6、specificdisadvantage.RightNowWearetrappedbetweenthetraditionalmodelofthesovereignstate,andthescaleofemergingproblemsEitherwedevelopamuchbettersenseofcollectiveaction,orwechoosetogiveuppartofoursovereignty.