SocialMobility-UniversityofGreenwich社会流动性-格林威治大学

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1、StairwaytoHEven:OurRoleinMakingSocialMobilityaRealityKeithKinsella:WideningParticipationCoordinatorAccessandPartnershipUnitWhatisSocialMobility?"Rich,thickkidsdobetterthanpoor,cleverchildrenbeforetheygotoschool.Unfortunately,despitethebesteffortsofoursociety,thesituationisget

2、tingworse."Canwecomeupwithagooddefinition?JargonBusterAbsoluteSocialMobilityTheextenttowhichpeopledo‘better’thantheirparents.Duetothechangingnatureofthelabourmarketandavailabilityofcreditthebabyboomgenerationdiddo‘better’thantheirparents……RelativeSocialMobilityYourcomparative

3、chancesofbeingsociallymobile.Middleclassstudentshaveamuchbetterchancethanworkingclassstudents.Sincethe1970srelativesocialmobilityhasdeclinedintheUK(TheSpiritLevel,WilkinsonandPickett2009)GraphshowingimpactofparentsincomeonchancesofbeingsociallymobileOECDData.Thehigherthebarth

4、emoreimpactourparentsincomehasonourabilitytobecomesociallymobile.InDenmarkwhoyourparentsarehastheleastimpactonourchancesof‘climbingtheladder’.SocialmobilityintheUKcomparedtootherdevelopedeconomies…Lowsocialmobilityresultsinmoresocialinequalitycreatinglesssocialmobility……Top10

5、%earnalmost12timesasmuchasbottom10%(55k:4.5k)……In1985thetop10%earned8timesmore(gaphasgrown)Top1%takehome15%oftotalUKincome(the‘superrich’)(OECDData)ResultsTheProfessionsSocialImpactsLackofopportunity/hopeHighunemployment‘Cycle’ofpoverty(Jones,2011)TheSpiritLevel(WilkinsonandP

6、icket,2009)illustratesarangeofothercorrelations.WhydoestheUKhavelowsocialmobility?InpairshaveaquickbrainstormofsortsofreasonswhytheUKhaslowsocialmobility.Reasons?Incomeinequality?Poorparenting?Poorteaching?Lackofjobs?Individualsarenotmotivatedtoachieve?Manyofthesefactorswillp

7、layapartandshouldnotbeignored.Intheabsenceofsubstantialwealthredistributioneducationistheonlymechanismopentomostpeopletobecomesociallymobile….WhygotoUniversity:Commonarguments…..1)Youcandookaywithoutadegree,40kisalotofmoney.2)Withthenewfeesits‘gameover’forsocialmobilitythroug

8、hHE.3)Therearetoomanygraduatesnow,adegreeisworthless.Youdon’tneedade