AFederalJudiciary联邦司法部

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1、AFederalJudiciarySupremacyoffederalLawLocalorientationoflowercourtsCitizenaccesstojusticePreparedbytheFederalJudicialCenterDebatesontheJudicialSystemGeographicalextensionofthecourtsystemSupremeCourtjusticesoncircuitRightofappealtotheSupremeCourtBalanceoffederalandstatejurisdictionManagingcaseloadsI

2、nstitutionalindependencePreparedbytheFederalJudicialCenterTheConstitutionalOutlineOneSupremeCourtOptional“inferior”courts“Judicialpower”oftheUnitedStatesCasesundertheConstitution,laws,andtreatiesAdmiraltyandmaritimeDisputesbetweencitizensofdifferentstatesPreparedbytheFederalJudicialCenterJudiciaryA

3、ctof1789Threetypesofcourts:SupremeCourt—appealsfromstateandfederalcourtsCircuitcourts—mostimportantfederaltrials,someappealsDistrictcourts—admiraltyandmaritimecases,lessercrimesandsuitsPreparedbytheFederalJudicialCenterProtectingLocalLegalCulturesJudicialdistrictswithinstatebordersUseofstaterulesan

4、dproceduresResidencyrequirementsfordistrictjudgesCircuitridingforSupremeCourtjusticesPreparedbytheFederalJudicialCenterPoliticsandCompetingVisionsfortheCourtsJudiciaryActof1801FullfederaljurisdictionNewcircuitjudgesNocircuitridingforjusticesRepublicansrestorethesystemof1789PreparedbytheFederalJudic

5、ialCenterCourtsforanExpandingNationNewcircuitsfornewstatesThelimitsofcircuitridingEstablishmentofcircuitjudgeships,1869PreparedbytheFederalJudicialCenterFederalJurisdictionNewgovernmentresponsibilities:CopyrightLandclaimsBankruptcySlavetradeCircuitcourts,1875—allfederalquestionsPreparedbytheFederal

6、JudicialCenterTheSignificanceoftheCircuitCourtsSupremeCourtjustices’interactwithlawyersandthepublicUnderstandinglocalvariationsinthelawDefiningfederallawinthetrialcourtsPreparedbytheFederalJudicialCenterABurdenedJudiciaryAnunmanageableSupremeCourtdocketBalancingtheneedforspeedyjusticewitharighttore

7、viewImplicationsofrestrictingappealsPreparedbytheFederalJudicialCenterEstablishmentofCourtsofAppealsCourtsofappealsineverycircuitNewcircuitjudgesFinaljurisdictioninmanycasesPreparedbytheFederalJudicialCente