European CommunityUnion documents White Rose …

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1、Standingontheshouldersofgiants?Astudyofscientists’engagementwithpatentinformationAnnaLouiseHescottAthesissubmittedinpartialfulfilmentoftherequirementsofSheffieldUniversityfortheDegreeofDoctorofPhilosophyUniversityofSheffieldSchoolofLawApril2014Thisthesisisdedicatedtomyfamily–myunwaveringc

2、heerleadersAbstractThepatentsystemisregularlyjustifiedona‘socialcontract’model.Thisisbased,inpart,ontheconceptthatthesystemdiffusesinformationwhichinformsfutureinnovation.Thepatentingofbasicbiologicalmaterials,particularlywhenensuingfromresearchundertakeninuniversities,isthesubjectofexten

3、sivedebate.However,therehasbeenlimitedstudyofthescientistsinvolvedandofthediffusionofinformationthroughthepatentsystem.ThisthesisattemptstoaddressthisgapinknowledgebyinvestigatingtheengagementofacademicbiologicalandstemcellscientistsworkingintheUnitedKingdom(UK)withpatentinformation.Theco

4、ntextinwhichthesescientistsworkisexaminedbytracingthemultifactorialinternationalandnationaldriversthathavecontributedtotheincreasedpatentingofbiologicalresearchinuniversities.Theseinclude:fundingconditionsrequiringtheprotectionofintellectualproperty;fundingmodelspromotingpublic-privatepar

5、tnerships;guidelinesforthemanagementofintellectualpropertyinuniversities;andtheexpansionofpatentablesubjectmattertoincludebasicbiologicalmaterials.TheempiricalstudyinvestigatestheextenttowhichscientificknowledgeisdiffusedthroughthepatentsysteminthecaseofbiologicalandstemcellscienceintheUK

6、.Thesefieldshavebeenpinpointedas‘greathopes’forthefuturebothintermsoftherapeuticapplicationsandeconomicreturn.Theresultsofanempiricalstudy(asurveyof120academicbiologicalscientiststogetherwithinterviewswith,andstructuredobservationsof,16stemcellscientists)indicatethatthediffusionofscientif

7、icinformationthroughthepatentsystemislimited.Anumberofbarriersareidentifiedincludingscientists’limitedawarenessofpatents;patchyknowledgeofthemechanicsofthepatentsystem;problemsinherentinpatentdatabases;andscientists’perceptionsofpatentinformation.Viewedwithinthecont