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1、RealismwithaHumanFaceHilaryPutnamEditedbyJamesConantHarvardUniversityPressCambridge,Massachusetts,andLondon,EnglandBepatienttowardallthatisunsolvedinyourheartandtrytolovethequestionsthemselveslikelockedroomsandlikebooksthatarewritteninaveryforeigntong
2、ue...Livethequestionsnow.Perhapsyouwillthengrad•ually,withoutnoticingit,livealongsomedistantdayintotheanswer.-RainerMariaRilke,LetterstoaYoungPoetLetusbehuman.-LudwigWittgenstein,CultureandValueCopyright©1990bythePresidentandFellowsofHarvardCollegeAll
3、rightsreservedPrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica10987654FirstHarvardUniversityPresspaperbackedition,1992LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataPutnam,Hilary.Realismwithahumanface/HilaryPutnam;editedbyJamesConant.p.ern.ISBN0-674-74945-6(paper)-l.
4、Realism.2.Metaphysics.3.Ethics.4.Aesthetics.5.Philosophy,American.I.Conant,James.II.Title.B835.P87199089-78131149'.2-dc20CIPPrefaceTheessaysthatJamesConanthasselectedforthisvolumerepresentacentralpartofthethinkingIhavebeendoingsinceIdrewmynowwell-know
5、n(somewouldsay"notorious")distinctionbetweentwokindsofrealism("metaphysical"and"internal")inapresidentialaddresstotheAmericanPhilosophicalAssociationin1976.AlthoughtheydonotinanysenserepresentagivingupofthepositionIcalled"internalrealism,"Ihavechosent
6、oemphasizeasomewhatdifferentaspectofthatpositionthantheoneIemphasizedinReason,Truth,andHistory.InReason,Truth,andHistoryIwasprimarilyconcernedtopresent.aconceptionoftruthalternativetoboththeclassicalmetaphysicalrealistconception(truthascorrespondencet
7、o"mindindependentobjects")andtorelativist/positivistviews.(Myreasonsfortreatingrelativismandpositivismastwosidesofasinglecoinarediscussedin"WhyIsaPhilosopher,"Chapter7ofthepresentvolume.)Accord•ingtomyconception,toclaimofanystatementthatitistrue,thati
8、s,thatitistrueinitsplace,initscontext,initsconceptualscheme,is,roughly,toclaimthatitcouldbejustifiedwereepistemiccondi•tionsgoodenough.Ifweallowourselvesthefictionof"ideal"epis•temicconditions(asoneallowsoneselfthefictionoffrictionlessplanesin
