AlcoholandTobacco-McGraw-Hill：酒精和烟草-麦格劳山

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1、AlcoholandTobaccoChapter8ChemistryofAlcoholPsychoactiveingredientDepressantEthylAlcohol–onlyalcoholthatcanbeconsumedBeer3-6%alcoholbyvolumeMaltLiquors6-8%alcoholbyvolumeTablewines9-14%alcoholbyvolumeFermentingFortifiedwines20%alcoholbyvolumeSugaraddedHardliquors35-50%

2、alcoholbyvolumeDistillingorfermentedProofValueTwotimesthepercentageconcentrationIngestion7caloriespergram1drink14-17gramsor100-120caloriesChapter82©2008McGraw-HillCompanies.AllRightsReserved.Absorption20%israpidlyabsorbedfromthestomach75%isabsorbedintheuppersmallintes

3、tinesRemainisabsorbedalongtheGItrackAbsorptionCarbonationFoodinthestomachslowstheabsorptionDrinkofhighconcentrationslowsabsorptionEventuallyallthealcoholingestedwillbeabsorbedChapter83©2008McGraw-HillCompanies.AllRightsReserved.Chapter84©2008McGraw-HillCompanies.AllRi

4、ghtsReserved.MetabolismandExcretionTransportedthroughoutthebodyviathebloodstream.EasilymovesthroughmostbiologicalmembranesMainsiteformetabolismistheLiver.2-20%ofingestedalcoholisnotmetabolized.Chapter85©2008McGraw-HillCompanies.AllRightsReserved.AlcoholIntakeandBloodA

5、lcoholConcentrationAmeasureofintoxicationBodyweightPercentageofbodyfatDifferencebetweenwomen&menBalanceofalcoholabsorbedandrateofmetabolismGeneticfactorsDrinkingBehaviorCannotbeeffectedbyExerciseBreathingdeeplyEatingDrinkingcoffeeTakingotherdrugsMetabolismisthesameift

6、hepersonisawakeorasleepChapter86©2008McGraw-HillCompanies.AllRightsReserved.TheImmediateEffectsofAlcoholonHealthDependantontheindividual.LowConcentrations.03%-.05%.HigherConcentrations0.1%-0.2%.Concentrationof.35%.AlcoholhangoverAlcoholpoisoningUsingAlcoholwithotherdr

7、ugsAlcohol-relatedinjuriesandviolenceAlcoholandsexualdecisionmakingChapter87©2008McGraw-HillCompanies.AllRightsReserved.DrinkingandDrivingIn2004250,000wereinjuredinalcoholrelatedautomobilecrashes42,000peoplearekilledinalcoholrelatedaccidentsDose-responsefunctionDrivin

8、gwithaBACof0.14%ismorethan40timesmorelikelytobeinvolvedinacrash.Greaterthan0.14%theriskoffatalcrashisestimatedtobe380timeshi