TheMcGraw-HillCompanies-JohnWSantrock：美国麦格劳-希尔公司约翰WJohnSantrock

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1、JohnW.SantrockBirthChildren4BirthWhatHappensDuringtheBirthProcess?WhatAreSomeMeasuresofNeonatalHealthandResponsiveness?HowDoLowBirthWeightAndPretermInfantsDevelop?WhatHappensDuringthePostpartumPeriod?BirthImagesofChildren:AFantasticVoyageCindyandTomrecountthehoursan

2、dchangesthattookplacebeforetheirson,TannerRoberts,wasbornandduringhisbirthprocess.WhatHappensDuringtheBirthProcess?StagesoftheBirthProcessFirststageLastsabout12to24hours;longeststageContractionsareabout15–20minutesapart;occurclosertogetherasbirthnearsContractionsdil

3、atecervixtoopeningabout4inchesAllowsbabytomovefromuterustobirthcanalWhatHappensDuringtheBirthProcess?StagesoftheBirthProcessSecondstageApproximately45minutestoanhourBabymovesthroughcervixandbirthcanalMotherpushesdown,contractionscomealmosteveryminuteWhatHappensDurin

4、gtheBirthProcess?StagesoftheBirthProcessThirdstage(Afterbirth)Placenta,umbilicalcord,andothermembranesdetachedandexpelledFasteststage;lastsonlyminutesWhatHappensDuringtheBirthProcess?TheStagesofBirthbdacPlacentaPlacentaVaginaCervixUterusFig.4.1ChildbirthSettingAndAt

5、tendantsWhatHappensDuringtheBirthProcess?Childbirthsettingandattendants99%ofU.S.birthsoccurinhospital91%ofU.S.birthsattendedbyphysicianWhohelpsduringbirthprocessvariesacrossculturesSomeexcludefathersfromprocessSomeattendedbyfamilymembersoropentocommunityChildbirthSe

6、ttingAndAttendantsMidwives:norminmostofworld8%ofU.S.birthsattendedbymidwivesU.S.certifiednursemidwivesspendmoretimewithpatientsinprenatalvisitsPlaceemphasisoncounselingandeducationProvidemoreemotionalsupporttomotherArepresentduringentirebirthprocessWhatHappensDuring

7、theBirthProcess?DoulasProvidecontinuousphysical,emotional,andeducationalsupportbefore,during,andafterchildbirthMostinU.S.workindependently,typicallyfunctionaspartof‘birthingteam’WhatHappensDuringtheBirthProcess?ChildbirthSettingAndAttendantsMethodsofChildbirthMethod

8、sofdelivery:medicationsAnalgesia:usedtorelievepainAnesthesia:usedinlatefirst-stagelaborandduringexpulsiontoblocksensationEpiduralblock:num