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1、Correlated-ElectronPhysicsinTransition-MetalOxidesInteractionsamongelectronicspins,charges,andorbitalsThehigh-T‘copperoxidesarecomposedofCuO,sheetsthatareseparatedfromaccountforarichvarietyofpatternsinsomeoxides,and-eachotherbyionic“blockinglayers.”withtheadventofnewcry
2、stal-growthtechnologies-mayAlthoughithasoneconductionelectronformthebasisforanewtypeofelectronics.(orhole)perCusite,eachCuO,sheetisoriginallyinsulatingbecauseofthelargeelectroncorrelation.Thatbehav-YoshinoriTokuraioristypicaloftheMottinsulatorstate,inwhichalltheconducti
3、onelectronsswithanyotherquantumparticle,anelectronexhibitsaretiedtotheatomicsites.ThesuperconductingstateAwavelikeandparticlelikecharacteristics.Whichas-emergeswhenholesfromtheblockinglayersdopetheCuOlpectpredominatesinasoliddependsonhowanelectronlayersinawaythatalterst
4、henumberofconductionelec-interactswithitsneighbors.AccordingtotheBlochtheo-tronsandtriggerstheMotttransition.Researchersbelieverem,forinstance,anelectronplacedinaperiodiclatticethatthestrongantiferromagneticcorrelation,whichorigi-behaveslikeanextendedplanewave.However,w
5、henthenatesintheMott-insulatingCuO,sheetsandpersistsintonumberoffreeelectronsinasolidbecomescomparabletothemetallicstate,ismostresponsibleforthemechanismofthenumberoftheconstituentatomsandthemutualelcc-high-q.superconductivity.tron-elect.roninteractionbecomesstrong,elec
6、tronsmayWIdespreadinterestincopperoxidesandothercorre-losetheirmobility.lated-electronsystemsduringthepast17yearsledtoare-Thedualnatureismostapparentincorrelated-elec-discoveryoftheso-calledcolossalmagnetoresistancetronsystems,suchasthetransition-metaloxidesinwhichtCMR)
7、phenomenon,:-”whichisagiganticdecreaseofre-electroninteractionsstronglydetermineelectronicprop-sistanceinducedbyapplicationofamagneticfield.Thiserties.Inthetransition-metalions,forexample,delec-articlefeaturessomeexamplesofthedramaticphasetronsexperiencecompetingforces:
8、CoulombicrepulsionchangesinCMRmanganitesandothertransition-metaltendstolocalizeindividualelectronsatatomiclatt
