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1、TheTwoMeaningsofthePāḷiTermpaṇḍakaALLANR.BOMHARDCharleston,SCAsiswellknown,thePāḷitermpaṇḍakahastwodifferentmeanings.Thefirstis‘eunuch.’Thismeaningisnotindoubt.Indeed,relatedtermsarefoundinseveralIndo-Aryanlanguages(cf.Turner1966:435,no.7717,paṇḍá-[m.]
2、‘aeunuch,weakling’;Monier-Williams1899:580;Childers1875:328):Sanskrit:paṇḍá-ḥ(m.)‘aeunuch,weakling’;páṇḍaka-ḥ(m.)‘aeunuch,weakling’;páṇḍaga-ḥ(m.)(probably)‘aeunuch,weakling’;paṇḍra-ḥ(m.)‘aeunuch,impotentman’;paṇḍraka-ḥ(m.)‘aeunuch,impotentman.’Pāḷi:paṇ
3、ḍaka-(m.)‘aeunuch,weakling’;paṇḍikā(f.).Prakrit:paṁḍa-,paṁḍaga-,paṁḍaya-(m.)‘aeunuch,weakling.’TheIndo-AryantermsareusuallytakentobeloanwordsfromDravidian(cf.Mayrhofer1956—1980.II:196;Burrow1973:384):Tamilpeṇ‘woman,’peṇṭu‘woman,wife,’peṇṭan,peṇṭakan,pe
4、ṇṭakam‘hermaphrodite,eunuch,’peṇṇan‘effeminateman,’pēṭi‘hermaphrodite’;Malayalampeṇ‘afemale,especiallyafemalechild,girl,’peṇṇan‘effeminate’;Kannaḍapeṇ,peṇṇu,peṇḍa‘female,woman,’peṇtana‘stateofbeingafemale,femininecharacterorbehavior’;Telugupeṇṭi‘woman,
5、’pēḍi‘eunuch’;etc.(cf.Burrow—Emeneau1984:388,no.4395).Thatthereisasecondmeaningisalsonotindispute.However,what,exactly,thatmeaningishasbeenthesourceofcontroversy.Accordingtooneinterpretation,thesecondmeaningofpaṇḍakais‘malehomosexual.’Thiscannotpossibl
6、ybecorrectandisbaseduponacriticalmisinterpretationofakeytext,namely,thestoryaboutapaṇḍaka1whowasordainedasaBhikkhuandwho,overcomebysexualdesire,wentaroundtryingtopersuadeotherBhikkhusandlaypersonstosodomizehim.Afterseverallaypersons2didso,theSaṅghawasc
7、riticizedforallowingsuchapersontobeordainedasaBhikkhu.WhenthiscametotheBuddha’sattention,HeforbadepaṇḍakasfrombeingordainedandorderedthepaṇḍakainquestiontobeexpelledfromtheSaṅgha.3AsnotedbyKelvinWong(2005),itisclearfromthePāḷiTipiṭikathattheBuddhawasaw
8、areofthedifferencebetweeneunuchs,hermaphrodites,andhomosexuals.1ABuddhistMonk.ABuddhistNuniscalleda‘Bhikkhunī’.2TheBuddhistMonasticOrder.3ThecanonicalscripturesofTheravādinBuddhism,preservedintheMiddleIndo-Aryanlanguagenowknownas“Pāḷi,”
