Transparent Ceramics-Messing

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1、ASymposiumafter20YearsofCeramicResearchandTechnologyatETHZürichTransparentCeramicsforLaserGainMedia-AnewparadigminadvancedceramicsGaryL.MessingDepartmentofMaterialsScienceandEngineeringandtheMaterialsResearchInstitute,ThePennsylvaniaStateUniversityProjectsup

2、portedbyJTOContract#FA9451-06-D-0012andVLOCIncandtheNationalScienceFoundationGrant#DMR07-4931Sept4-6,2008ETHZurichMosttransparentceramicshaveacubiccrystalstructureMaterialCompositionCrystalStructureYttriumAluminumGarnet3Y2O3⋅5Al2O3cubicYttriaY2O3cubicScandiu

3、moxideSc2O3cubicLutetiumoxideLu2O3cubicAlONAlONcubicSpinelMgO⋅Al2O3cubicZincsulfideZnScubicAlumina(Lucalox)Al2O3rhombohedralTransparentcomponentsofsinteredcorundumwithsub-µmmicrostructureSpineldome(Surmet)Light-scatteringsourcesintransparentceramicsRefractiv

4、eindexmodulationaroundGBIndexchangesbyinclusionsorporesSegregationofdifferentphasesBirefringenceSurfacescatteringbyroughnessAfterYagiTransparentspinelandAlONarenowcommercialSpinelpanel(TechnologyAlONfromSurmetInc.AssessmentandTransferInc.)CzochralskigrownNd:

5、YAGsinglecrystals-veryslowgrowthrate(4-5weeks)-defectregionexists-needhightemperaturefurnace-requiresexpensiveIridiumcrucible-Nddopinglimitedto1.4at%asaresultofthehighsegregationcoeffNdYAlO3x3-3x512-cubicstructure(Garnet)-Nd+3replacesY+3-ionicradiusofNdislar

6、gerthanY(Nd+3:0.098nm,Y+3:0.090nm)only25%ofmeltcanbeused(Ref.YttriumAluminumGarnetLaserMaterials,VLOCbrochure)Transparentceramicsforlasergainmedia•1972Greskovich,Woods&Chernoch–Firstdemonstratedlasergaininaceramic(1%Nd-89mol%YO10mol%ThO232•1984deWithetal.pro

7、ducedtranslucentYAG•1995IkesuereportedtransparentYAGin1995,andlasergeneration•2002Ueda,Yanagitanietal.reportedlasergenerationincommercialYAGdeWithetal.,Mat.Res.Bull.Ikesueetal.J.Am.Ceram.Soc.,7819,1669-74(1984)225-28(1995)EffectofporosityonYAGtransparency•Tr

8、ansparencyissignificantlyaffectedbytheresidualporosity•Submicronporescausescatteringandreducetransparency•Silicadopingrequired(0.5wt%TEOS=0.144wt%SiO)2YAGsinglecrystalYAGceramic1800°C1700°C1750°