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1、INFANCY,8(3),217–231Copyright©2005,LawrenceErlbaumAssociates,Inc.12-Month-OldInfants’PerceptionofAttentionDirectioninStaticVideoImagesClaesvonHofsten,EmmaDahlström,andYlvaFredrikssonDepartmentofPsychologyUppsalaUniversityUppsala,SwedenTwelve-month-oldinfants’abilitytoperceivegazedirectionins
2、taticvideoimageswasinvestigated.Theimagesshowedawomanwhoperformedattention-directingactionsbylookingorpointingtoward1of4objectspositionedinfrontofher(2oneachside).Whenthemodeljustpointedattheobjects,shelookedstraightahead,andwhenshejustlooked,herhandswerehiddenbelowthetabletop.Aneyemovements
3、ystem(TOBII)wasusedtoregisterthegazeoftheparticipants.Wefoundthattheinfantsclearlydiscriminatedthegazedirectionstotheobjects.Therewasnoten-dencytomixupthe2objectpositions,located10°apart,onthesamesideofthemodel.Theinfantsspentmoretimelookingattheattendedobjectsthantheunat-tendedonesandtheysh
4、iftedgazemoreoftenfromthefaceofthemodeltotheat-tendedobjectthantotheunattendedobjects.Pointingdidnotsignificantlyincreasetheinfants’tendencytomovegazetotheattendedobject,irrespectiveofwhetherthepointinggesturewasaccompaniedbylookingornot.Inallconditionstheinfantsspentmostofthetimelookingatth
5、emodel’sface.Thistendencywasespeciallyno-ticeableinthepointing-onlyconditionandtheconditionwherethemodeljustlookedstraightahead.Perceivingwhatanotherpersonislookingatisanimportantsocialskill.Itfacili-tatesreferentialcommunication.Onecancommentonobjectsandimmediatelybeunderstoodbyotherpeople,
6、conveyinformationaboutthem,andcommunicateemotionalattitudestowardthem(Corkum&Moore,1998;D’Entremont,Hains,&Muir,1997;Moore,Angelopoulos,&Bennett,1997;Striano&Tomasello,2001).CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoClaesvonHofsten,DepartmentofPsychology,UppsalaUniversity,Box1225,S-75142,Uppsala,Swed
7、en.E-mail:claes.von_hofsten@psyk.uu.se218VONHOFSTEN,DAHLSTRÖM,FREDRIKSSONTheabilitytoperceivethegazedirectionofothersisthusakeycomponentinso-cialcommunication(Morales,Mundy,&Rojas,1998).Adults’abilitytodiscrimi-nategazedirectionofapersonisexcellent
