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1、EuropeanJournalofSocialPsychologyEur.J.Soc.Psychol.38,922934(2008)Publishedonline5March2008inWileyInterScience(www.interscience.wiley.com)DOI:10.1002/ejsp.504Howdoesintergroupcontactreduceprejudice?yMeta-analytictestsofthreemediatorsTHOMASF.PETTIGREW1*ANDLINDAR.TROPP21UniversityofCali
2、fornia,SantaCruz,USA2UniversityofMassachusetts,Amherst,USAAbstractRecentyearshavewitnessedarenewalofinterestinintergroupcontacttheory.Ameta-analysisofmorethan500studiesestablishedthetheorysbasiccontentionthatintergroupcontacttypicallyreducesprejudicesofmanytypes.Thispaperaddressesthei
3、ssueofprocess:justhowdoescontactdiminishprejudice?Wetestmeta-analyticallythethreemoststudiedmediators:contactreducesprejudiceby(1)enhancingknowledgeabouttheoutgroup,(2)reducinganxietyaboutintergroupcontact,and(3)increasingempathyandperspectivetaking.Ourtestsrevealmediationaleffectsfor
4、allthreeofthesemediators.However,themediationalvalueofincreasedknowledgeappearslessstrongthananxietyreductionandempathy.Limitationsofthestudyandimplicationsoftheresultsarediscussed.Copyright#2008JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd.Recentdecadeshavewitnessedanintenserenewalofresearchandtheoreticalinter
5、estinAllports(1954)intergroupcontacthypothesis.HundredsofpapershaveappearedsincethepublicationofHewstoneandBrowns(1986)ContactandConflictinIntergroupEncounters.Thisworkhasadvancedthehypothesisintoadevelopedtheory(Brown&Hewstone,2005;Pettigrew,1998),shownitsapplicabilitytoawidevarietyof
6、groupsandsettings,andfirmlyestablisheditsbasiccontentionthatintergroupcontacttypicallydiminishesintergroupprejudice(Pettigrew&Tropp,2006).Theseresults,combinedwiththeirdirectpolicyimplications,haveencouragedaconcentratedresearchefforttounderstandtheprocessesinvolvedandhowthisestablishe
7、deffectcanbemaximized(Brown&Hewstone,2005).Ameta-analysisof515studiesinvolvingaquarterofamillionparticipantsin38nationsestimatesthemeaneffectsizebetweencontactandprejudiceasacorrelationcoefficientof.21.Greaterintergroupcontacttypicallycorrespondswithlowerlevelsofintergroupprejudice,an
8、d94%o
