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1、MethodsinMolecularBiologyMethodsinMolecularBiologyTMVOLUME220CancerCancerCytogeneticsCytogeneticsMethodsandProtocolsMethodsandProtocolsEditedbyEditedbyJohnSwansburyJohnSwansburyIntroduction11IntroductionJohnSwansbury1.TheClinicalValueofCytogeneticStudiesinM
2、alignancyThevastmajorityofpublishedcytogeneticstudiesofmalignancyhavebeenofleukemiasandrelatedhematologicdisorders(seeFig.1),eventhoughtheseconstituteonlyabout20%ofallcancers.Itfol-lowsthatmostofwhatisknownabouttheclinicalapplicationsofcytogeneticstudieshas
3、beenderivedfromhematologicmalignan-cies.Morerecently,however,therehasbeenahugeexpansioninknowledgeoftherecurrentabnormalitiesinsomesolidtumors,anditisclearthatinthese,justasintheleukemias,cytogeneticabnor-malitiescanhelptodefinethediagnosisandtoindicateclea
4、rprog-nosticdifferences.Consequently,cytogeneticstudiesofsomesolidtumorsarenowalsomovingoutoftheresearchenvironmentandintoroutineclinicalservice.Ifallpatientswithaparticularmalignancydied,orallsurvived,thentherewouldbelittleclinicalvalueindoingcytogeneticst
5、ud-ies;theywouldhaveremainedintherealmofthoseresearcherswhoareprobingtheoriginsofcancer.Evenasrecentlyas20yrago,cytogeneticresultswerestillregardedbymanycliniciansasbeingofperipheralinterest.However,inalltumortypesstudiedsofar,From:MethodsinMolecularBiology
6、,vol.220:CancerCytogenetics:MethodsandProtocolsEditedby:JohnSwansbury©HumanaPressInc.,Totowa,NJ12SwansburyFig.1.NumberofkaryotypespublishedinsuccessiveMitelman’sCatalogsofChromosomeAberrationsinCancer;dataobtaineddirectlyfromthecatalogs.The1998editionwaspub
7、lishedonCD-ROM,andthecurrenteditionisonline.Notethatcasesofchronicmyeloidleukemiawithasimplet(9;22)(q34;q11)wereexcluded,whichthereforeincreasestheoverallnumberofpublishedcasesofleukemia.thepresenceorabsenceofmanyofthegeneticabnormalitiesfoundhasbeenassocia
8、tedwithdifferentresponsestotreatment.There-fore,geneticandcytogeneticstudiesarebeingrecognizedasessen-tialtothebestchoiceoftreatmentforapatient.Asaconsequenceoftheseadvances,clinicalcolleaguesnowexpect
