Mixed Effects Models in S and S-Plus (Statistics and Computing) [Pinheiro & Bates]

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1、ToElisaandLauraToMaryEllen,Barbara,andMichaelPrefaceMixed-effectsmodelsprovideaflexibleandpowerfultoolfortheanalysisofgroupeddata,whichariseinmanyareasasdiverseasagriculture,biology,economics,manufacturing,andgeophysics.Examplesofgroupeddatain-cludelongitudinaldata,repeatedmeasures,bloc

2、keddesigns,andmultileveldata.Theincreasingpopularityofmixed-effectsmodelsisexplainedbytheflexibilitytheyofferinmodelingthewithin-groupcorrelationoftenpresentingroupeddata,bythehandlingofbalancedandunbalanceddatainaunifiedframework,andbytheavailabilityofreliableandefficientsoftwareforfittingt

3、hem.Thisbookprovidesanoverviewofthetheoryandapplicationoflin-earandnonlinearmixed-effectsmodelsintheanalysisofgroupeddata.Aunifiedmodel-buildingstrategyforbothlinearandnonlinearmodelsispresentedandappliedtotheanalysisofover20realdatasetsfromawideva-rietyofareas,includingpharmacokinetics

4、,agriculture,andmanufacturing.Astrongemphasisisplacedontheuseofgraphicaldisplaysatthevariousphasesofthemodel-buildingprocess,startingwithexploratoryplotsofthedataandconcludingwithdiagnosticplotstoassesstheadequacyofafittedmodel.Over170figuresareincludedinthebook.Theclassofmixed-effectsmo

5、delsconsideredinthisbookassumesthatboththerandomeffectsandtheerrorsfollowGaussiandistributions.Thesemodelsareintendedforgroupeddatainwhichtheresponsevariableis(atleastapproximately)continuous.Thiscoversalargenumberofpracticalapplicationsofmixed-effectsmodels,butdoesnotinclude,forexample

6、,generalizedlinearmixed-effectsmodels(Diggle,LiangandZeger,1994).viiiPrefaceThebalancedmixofrealdataexamples,modelingsoftware,andtheorymakesthisbookausefulreferenceforpractitionerswhouse,orintendtouse,mixed-effectsmodelsintheirdataanalyses.Itcanalsobeusedasatextforaone-semestergraduate-

7、levelappliedcourseinmixed-effectsmodels.Researchersinstatisticalcomputingwillalsofindthisbookappealingforitspresentationofnovelandefficientcomputationalmethodsforfittinglinearandnonlinearmixed-effectsmodels.Thenlmelibrarywedevelopedforanalyzingmixed-effectsmodelsinim-plementationsoftheSlangu

8、age,i