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1、ToElisaandLauraToMaryEllen,Barbara,andMichaelPrefaceMixed-effectsmodelsprovideaflexibleandpowerfultoolfortheanalysisofgroupeddata,whichariseinmanyareasasdiverseasagriculture,biology,economics,manufacturing,andgeophysics.Examplesofgroupeddatain-cludelongitudinaldata,repeatedmeasures,blo
2、ckeddesigns,andmultileveldata.Theincreasingpopularityofmixed-effectsmodelsisexplainedbytheflexibilitytheyofferinmodelingthewithin-groupcorrelationoftenpresentingroupeddata,bythehandlingofbalancedandunbalanceddatainaunifiedframework,andbytheavailabilityofreliableandefficientsoftwareforfittin
3、gthem.Thisbookprovidesanoverviewofthetheoryandapplicationoflin-earandnonlinearmixed-effectsmodelsintheanalysisofgroupeddata.Aunifiedmodel-buildingstrategyforbothlinearandnonlinearmodelsispresentedandappliedtotheanalysisofover20realdatasetsfromawideva-rietyofareas,includingpharmacokinet
4、ics,agriculture,andmanufacturing.Astrongemphasisisplacedontheuseofgraphicaldisplaysatthevariousphasesofthemodel-buildingprocess,startingwithexploratoryplotsofthedataandconcludingwithdiagnosticplotstoassesstheadequacyofafittedmodel.Over170figuresareincludedinthebook.Theclassofmixed-effec
5、tsmodelsconsideredinthisbookassumesthatboththerandomeffectsandtheerrorsfollowGaussiandistributions.Thesemodelsareintendedforgroupeddatainwhichtheresponsevariableis(atleastapproximately)continuous.Thiscoversalargenumberofpracticalapplicationsofmixed-effectsmodels,butdoesnotinclude,forex
6、ample,generalizedlinearmixed-effectsmodels(Diggle,LiangandZeger,1994).viiiPrefaceThebalancedmixofrealdataexamples,modelingsoftware,andtheorymakesthisbookausefulreferenceforpractitionerswhouse,orintendtouse,mixed-effectsmodelsintheirdataanalyses.Itcanalsobeusedasatextforaone-semestergra
7、duate-levelappliedcourseinmixed-effectsmodels.Researchersinstatisticalcomputingwillalsofindthisbookappealingforitspresentationofnovelandefficientcomputationalmethodsforfittinglinearandnonlinearmixed-effectsmodels.Thenlmelibrarywedevelopedforanalyzingmixed-effectsmodelsinim-plementationsofth
8、eSlanguage,i
